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Timor-Leste --- International status --- 821.5 Mensenrechten --- Democratic Republic of East Timor --- Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste --- East Timor --- Higashi Timōru --- Itä-Timor --- Östra Timor --- Östtimor --- RDTL --- Repoṕlika Democrátika Timor Lorosa'e --- República Democrática de Timor-Leste --- Repúblika Demokrátika Timor Lorosa'e --- Repúplica Democrática de Timor-Leste --- Timor Lorosa'e --- Timor Wschodni --- Тимор-Лесте --- 東ティモール --- Timor Timur (Indonesia) --- International status. --- Timor-Leste - International status --- Constitutional Government of East Timor --- Governo Constitucional de Timor-Leste --- Governu Konstitutionál da Timor-Leste

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Timor-Leste has made impressive progress since its historic achievement of independence in 2002. From the instability that blighted its early years, the fledgling democratic country has achieved strong economic growth and a gradual reinstatement of essential social services. A decade on in 2012, Presidential and Parliamentary elections produced smooth political transitions and the extended UN peacekeeping presence in the country came to an end. But significant challenges remain. This book, a product of the inaugural Timor-Leste Update held at The Australian National University in 2013 to mark the end of Timor-Leste’s first decade as a new nation, brings together a vibrant collection of papers from leading and emerging scholars and policy analysts. Collectively, the chapters provide a set of critical reflections on recent political, economic and social developments in Timor-Leste. The volume also looks to the future, highlighting a range of transitions, prospects and undoubted challenges facing the nation over the next 5–10 years. Key themes that inform the collection include nation-building in the shadow of history, trends in economic development, stability and social cohesion, and citizenship, democracy and social inclusion. The book is an indispensable guide to contemporary Timor-Leste.

East Asia --- Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- Timor-Leste --- Politics and government. --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- East Timor --- Democratic Republic of East Timor --- Timor Lorosa'e --- Repoṕlika Democrátika Timor Lorosa'e --- Repúplica Democrática de Timor-Leste --- Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste --- República Democrática de Timor-Leste --- Repúblika Demokrátika Timor Lorosa'e --- Timor Wschodni --- RDTL --- 東ティモール --- Higashi Timōru --- Itä-Timor --- Östtimor --- Östra Timor --- Тимор-Лесте --- Timor Timur (Indonesia) --- economic development --- independence --- timor leste --- Dili --- Infrastructure --- Petroleum --- Xanana Gusmão --- Constitutional Government of East Timor --- Governo Constitucional de Timor-Leste --- Governu Konstitutionál da Timor-Leste

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One of the most troubling but least studied features of mass political violence is why violence often recurs in the same place over long periods of time. Douglas Kammen explores this pattern in Three Centuries of Conflict in East Timor, studying that region's tragic past, focusing on the small district of Maubara. Once a small but powerful kingdom embedded in long-distance networks of trade, over the course of three centuries the people of Maubara experienced benevolent but precarious Dutch suzerainty, Portuguese colonialism punctuated by multiple uprisings and destructive campaigns of pacification, Japanese military rule, and years of brutal Indonesian occupation. In 1999 Maubara was the site of particularly severe violence before and after the UN-sponsored referendum that finally led to the restoration of East Timor's independence. Beginning with the mystery of paired murders during East Timor's failed decolonization in 1975 and the final flurry of state-sponsored violence in 1999, Kammen combines an archival trail and rich oral interviews to reconstruct the history of the leading families of Maubara from 1712 until 2012. Kammen illuminates how recurrent episodes of mass violence shaped alliances and enmities within Maubara as well as with supra-local actors, and how those legacies have influenced efforts to address human rights violations, post-conflict reconstruction, and the relationship between local experience and the identification with the East Timorese nation. The questions posed in Three Centuries of Conflict in East Timor about recurring violence and local narratives apply to many other places besides East Timor-from the Caucasus to central Africa, and from the Balkans to China-where mass violence keeps recurring.

Political violence --- History. --- Timor-Leste --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Terrorism --- East Timor --- Democratic Republic of East Timor --- Timor Lorosa'e --- Repoṕlika Democrátika Timor Lorosa'e --- Repúplica Democrática de Timor-Leste --- Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste --- República Democrática de Timor-Leste --- Repúblika Demokrátika Timor Lorosa'e --- Timor Wschodni --- RDTL --- 東ティモール --- Higashi Timōru --- Itä-Timor --- Östtimor --- Östra Timor --- Тимор-Лесте --- Timor Timur (Indonesia) --- Constitutional Government of East Timor --- Governo Constitucional de Timor-Leste --- Governu Konstitutionál da Timor-Leste

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This Element explores the primary modes by which rulers have exercised power and shaped political relations in Timor-Leste across four distinct periods. The contrast between coercion under colonial rule and consent expressed through the 1999 referendum on independence exerted a powerful influence on scholarship on Timor-Leste's politics and future. Since the restoration of independence in 2002, however, politics in Timor-Leste are best understood in terms of powerful economic constraints during the first Fretilin government (2002-06), and thereafter, thanks to revenue from the country's petroleum reserves, a ruling strategy based on a wide range of inducements (rather than genuine consent).

Political sociology --- Mass political behavior --- Political behavior --- Political science --- Sociology --- Sociological aspects --- Timor-Leste --- Democratic Republic of East Timor --- Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste --- East Timor --- Higashi Timōru --- Itä-Timor --- Östra Timor --- Östtimor --- RDTL --- Repoṕlika Democrátika Timor Lorosa'e --- República Democrática de Timor-Leste --- Repúblika Demokrátika Timor Lorosa'e --- Repúplica Democrática de Timor-Leste --- Timor Lorosa'e --- Timor Wschodni --- Тимор-Лесте --- 東ティモール --- Timor Timur (Indonesia) --- Social conditions --- Politics and government. --- Constitutional Government of East Timor --- Governo Constitucional de Timor-Leste --- Governu Konstitutionál da Timor-Leste --- Referendum.

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Over the past 40 years, life in Timor-Leste has changed radically. Before 1975 most of the population lived in highland villages, spoke local languages, and rarely used money. Today many have moved to peri-urban lowland settlements, and even those whose lives remain dominated by customary ways understand that those of their children will not. For the Atoni Pah Meto of Timor-Leste's remote Oecussi Enclave, the world was neatly divided into two distinct categories: the meto (indigenous), and the kase (foreign). Now matters are less clear; the good things of the globalised world are pursued not through rejecting the meto ways of the village, or collapsing them into the kase, but through continual crossing between them. In this way, the people of Oecussi are able to identify in the struggles of lowland life, the comforting and often decisive presence of familiar highland spirits.

Indigenous peoples --- Aboriginal peoples --- Aborigines --- Adivasis --- Indigenous populations --- Native peoples --- Native races --- Ethnology --- Timor-Leste --- Democratic Republic of East Timor --- Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste --- East Timor --- Higashi Timōru --- Itä-Timor --- Östra Timor --- Östtimor --- RDTL --- Repoṕlika Democrátika Timor Lorosa'e --- República Democrática de Timor-Leste --- Repúblika Demokrátika Timor Lorosa'e --- Repúplica Democrática de Timor-Leste --- Timor Lorosa'e --- Timor Wschodni --- Тимор-Лесте --- 東ティモール --- Timor Timur (Indonesia) --- Civilization. --- History. --- Anthropology, narrative ethnography, Timor-Leste, Indonesian, borderlines. --- Constitutional Government of East Timor --- Governo Constitucional de Timor-Leste --- Governu Konstitutionál da Timor-Leste