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The national dancers in Uzbekistan are almost always female. This work argues that dancers, as symbolic ""girls"" or unmarried females in the Uzbek kinship system, are effective mediators between extended kin groups, and the Uzbek nation-state.

Dance --- Women --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Dances --- Dancing --- Amusements --- Performing arts --- Balls (Parties) --- Eurythmics --- Social aspects --- Social conditions. --- Uzbekistan --- Social conditions --- Ȯzbăkistan --- Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi --- Republic of Uzbekistan --- Respublika Uzbekistan --- Usbekistan --- Uzbakastān --- Uzbakistān --- Ŭzbekiston --- Ŭzbekiston Respublikasi --- Uzbekiston Respublikasy --- Wuzibiekesitan --- ازبکستان --- 乌兹别克斯坦 --- Uzbek S.S.R.

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The Welfare Improvement Strategy (WIS) of Uzbekistan has the objective of improving living standards of its people with the help of strong economic policies for all priority areas of development. The report reviews economic and social policies and assesses the living standards of its people. It also reviews the macroeconomic policies for implementing goals and priorities of the WIS in individuals and estimates the cost for the same. Studies show the need for forming a conceptual framework for the WIS implementation process as well as for monitoring and evaluating the policy strategies.

Poverty --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Uzbekistan --- Ȯzbăkistan --- Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi --- Republic of Uzbekistan --- Respublika Uzbekistan --- Usbekistan --- Uzbakastān --- Uzbakistān --- Ŭzbekiston --- Ŭzbekiston Respublikasi --- Uzbekiston Respublikasy --- Wuzibiekesitan --- ازبکستان --- 乌兹别克斯坦 --- Uzbek S.S.R. --- Economic conditions. --- Social policy. --- Macroeconomics --- Demography --- Education: General --- Demographic Economics: General --- Health: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Education --- Population & demography --- Health economics --- Labour --- income economics --- Population and demographics --- Health --- Labor --- Income --- National accounts --- Population --- Labor economics --- Uzbekistan, Republic of --- Income economics

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Emigration and immigration --- Government policy. --- Japan --- Uzbekistan --- Emigration and immigration. --- al-Yābān --- Giappone --- Government of Japan --- Iapōnia --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Japam --- Japani --- Japão --- Japon --- Japonia --- Japonsko --- Japonya --- Jih-pen --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Nihon --- Nihon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nippon --- Nippon-koku --- Nipponkoku --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Riben --- State of Japan --- Yābān --- Yapan --- Yīpun --- Zhāpān --- Япония --- اليابان --- يابان --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс --- Ȯzbăkistan --- Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi --- Republic of Uzbekistan --- Respublika Uzbekistan --- Usbekistan --- Uzbakastān --- Uzbakistān --- Ŭzbekiston --- Ŭzbekiston Respublikasi --- Uzbekiston Respublikasy --- Wuzibiekesitan --- ازبکستان --- 乌兹别克斯坦 --- Uzbek S.S.R.

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Mass mobilization is among the most dramatic and inspiring forces for political change. When ordinary citizens take to the streets in large numbers, they can undermine and even topple undemocratic governments, as the recent wave of peaceful uprisings in several postcommunist states has shown. However, investigation into how protests are organized can sometimes reveal that the origins and purpose of "people power" are not as they appear on the surface. In particular, protest can be used as an instrument of elite actors to advance their own interests rather than those of the masses.Weapons of the Wealthy focuses on the region of post-Soviet Central Asia to investigate the causes of elite-led protest. In nondemocratic states, economic and political opportunities can give rise to elites who are independent of the regime, yet vulnerable to expropriation and harassment from above. In conditions of political uncertainty, elites have an incentive to cultivate support in local communities, which elites can then wield as a "weapon" against a predatory regime. Scott Radnitz builds on his in-depth fieldwork and analysis of the spatial distribution of protests to demonstrate how Kyrgyzstan's post-independence development laid the groundwork for elite-led mobilization, whereas Uzbekistan's did not.Elites often have the wherewithal and the motivation to trigger protests, as is borne out by Radnitz's more than one hundred interviews with those who participated in, observed, or avoided protests. Even Kyrgyzstan's 2005 "Tulip Revolution," which brought about the first peaceful change of power in Central Asia since independence, should be understood as a strategic action of elites rather than as an expression of the popular will. This interpretation helps account for the undemocratic nature of the successor government and the 2010 uprising that toppled it. It also serves as a warning for scholars to look critically at bottom-up political change.

Demonstrations --- Political participation --- Elite (Social sciences) --- Manifestations --- Participation politique --- Elite (Sciences sociales) --- Kyrgyzstan --- Uzbekistan --- Kirghizistan --- Ouzbékistan --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- Ouzbékistan --- Elites (Social sciences) --- Citizen participation --- Community action --- Community involvement --- Community participation --- Involvement, Community --- Mass political behavior --- Participation, Citizen --- Participation, Community --- Participation, Political --- Political activity --- Political behavior --- Marches (Demonstrations) --- Political demonstrations --- Political marches --- Political rallies --- Public demonstrations --- Rallies (Demonstrations) --- Ŭzbekiston --- Ŭzbekiston Respublikasi --- Republic of Uzbekistan --- Respublika Uzbekistan --- Usbekistan --- Uzbekiston Respublikasy --- Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi --- Ȯzbăkistan --- Uzbakistān --- ازبکستان --- Wuzibiekesitan --- 乌兹别克斯坦 --- Uzbakastān --- Kirghizia --- Kyrgyz Republic --- Kyrgyz Respublikasy --- Kyrgyzstan Respublikasy --- Respublika Kyrgyzstan --- Republic of Kyrgyzstan --- Kyrghyzstan --- Kirgisien --- Kirgizstan --- Kirgizistan --- Jierjisi gong he guo --- Qīrghīzistān --- Qirqīzistān --- Jumhūrī-i Qirqīzistān --- Leadership --- Power (Social sciences) --- Social classes --- Social groups --- Political rights --- Social participation --- Political activists --- Politics, Practical --- Collective behavior --- Crowds --- Public meetings --- Riots --- Uzbek S.S.R. --- Кыргыз Республикасы --- Qırğız Respublikası --- Кыргызская Республика --- Kyrgyzskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Kyrgyzskaya Respublika --- Qirghiz Respublikasi --- Кыргызстан --- Qırğızstan --- Киргизия --- Kirgizii︠a︡ --- Kirgiziya --- キルギス --- Kirugisu --- クルグズスタン --- Kuruguzusutan --- クルグズ --- Kuruguzu --- キルギスタン --- Kirugisutan --- Kirgisia --- Kirgisistan --- Kirghiz S.S.R.

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Drawing on extensive research in the archives of Russia and Uzbekistan, Douglas Northrop here reconstructs the turbulent history of a Soviet campaign that sought to end the seclusion of Muslim women. In Uzbekistan it focused above all on a massive effort to eliminate the heavy horsehair-and-cotton veils worn by many women and girls. This campaign against the veil was, in Northrop's view, emblematic of the larger Soviet attempt to bring the proletarian revolution to Muslim Central Asia, a region Bolsheviks saw as primitive and backward. The Soviets focused on women and the family in an effort to forge a new, "liberated" social order. This unveiling campaign, however, took place in the context of a half-century of Russian colonization and the long-standing suspicion of rural Muslim peasants toward an urban, colonial state. Widespread resistance to the idea of unveiling quickly appeared and developed into a broader anti-Soviet animosity among Uzbeks of both sexes. Over the next quarter-century a bitter and often violent confrontation ensued, with battles being waged over indigenous practices of veiling and seclusion. New local and national identities coalesced around these very practices that had been placed under attack. Veils became powerful anticolonial symbols for the Uzbek nation as well as important markers of Muslim propriety. Bolshevik leaders, who had seen this campaign as an excellent way to enlist allies while proving their own European credentials as enlightened reformers, thus inadvertently strengthened the seclusion of Uzbek women-precisely the reverse of what they set out to do. Northrop's fascinating and evocative book shows both the fluidity of Central Asian cultural practices and the real limits that existed on Stalinist authority, even during the ostensibly totalitarian 1930s.

Muslim women --- Veils --- Women and communism --- Social conditions --- Social aspects --- History --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Sociology of culture --- Islam --- Social policy --- Religious studies --- anno 1900-1999 --- Central Asia --- Headgear --- Hijab (Islamic clothing) --- Islamic women --- Women, Muslim --- Women --- Communism and women --- Communism --- Soviet Union --- Uzbekistan --- Relations --- Ȯzbăkistan --- Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi --- Republic of Uzbekistan --- Respublika Uzbekistan --- Usbekistan --- Uzbakastān --- Uzbakistān --- Ŭzbekiston --- Ŭzbekiston Respublikasi --- Uzbekiston Respublikasy --- Wuzibiekesitan --- ازبکستان --- 乌兹别克斯坦 --- Uzbek S.S.R. --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- Muslimahs --- Government policy --- Book --- Veil