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How should judges of the European Court of Justice be selected, who should participate in the Court's proceedings and how should judgments be drafted? These questions have remained blind spots in the normative literature on the Court. This book aims to address them. It describes a vast, yet incomplete transformation: Originally, the Court was based on a classic international law model of court organisation and decision-making. Gradually, the concern for the effectiveness of EU law led to the reinvention of its procedural and organisational design. The role of the judge was reconceived as that of a neutral expert, an inner circle of participants emerged and the Court became more hierarchical. While these developments have enabled the Court to make EU law uniquely effective, they have also created problems from a democratic perspective. The book argues that it is time to democratise the Court and shows ways to do this.

Courts of last resort --- Court of Justice of the European Communities. --- Courts, Supreme --- Last resort, Courts of --- Supreme courts --- Appellate procedure --- Courts --- Appellate courts --- Constitutional courts --- Cour de justice des communautés européennes --- Gerichtshof der Europäischen Gemeinschaften --- Corte di giustizia delle comunità europee --- Dikastērion tēs Europaikēs Oikonomikēs Koinotētos --- Hof van Justitie van de Europese Gemeenschappen --- Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas --- GHEG --- European Atomic Energy Community. --- European Economic Community. --- European Court of Justice --- Europäischer Gerichtshof --- Curtea de Justiție a Comunităților Europene --- Ōshū Shihō Saibansho --- G.H.E.G. --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades Europeias --- Sud evropeĭskikh soobshchestv --- Avrupa Toplulukları Adalet Divanı --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades --- Curia Communitatum Europaearum --- Eurōpaiko Dikastērio --- Dikastērio Eurōpaikōn Koinotētōn --- DEK --- EuGH --- ECJ --- D.E.K. --- Europejski Trybunał Sprawiedliwości --- ETS --- Dikastērio tōn Eurōpaikōn Koinotētōn --- CEJ --- European Union. --- Európai Bíróság --- European Coal and Steel Community. --- Court of Justice of the European Union --- Court of Justice (EU) --- EU law. --- decision-making. --- member of the Court of Justice (EU) --- judge. --- judecător pentru minori --- undersøgelsesdommer --- судија на Врховен суд --- Untersuchungsrichter --- sbor soudců --- zittende magistratuur --- судија на Основен суд --- soudce kompetentní ve věcech dětí a mladistvých --- trup gjykues --- juge pour enfants --- tardytojas --- juiz de instrução --- giudice minorile --- rechter-commissaris --- juez de primera instancia --- δικαστής ανηλίκων --- tiesnesis referents --- Richteramt --- ettekandekohtunik --- magjistër për të mitur --- Richterschaft --- kinderrechter --- juiz de intervenção --- судија на Управен суд --- Jugendrichter --- domarkåren --- undersökningsdomare --- судија на Апелациски суд --- giudice istruttore --- dommerstand --- goda tiesnesis --- zbor sudcov --- magistrature assise --- magisztrátus --- soudní čekatel --- judicatura --- vyšetřující soudce --- juez de instrucción --- nepilnamečių bylų teismo teisėjas --- Richterstand --- judecător de instrucție --- juge d'instruction --- истражен судија --- the bench --- juez de distrito --- indipendenza del giudice --- ανακριτής --- Ermittlungsrichter --- juez de menores --- teisėjai --- examining magistrate --- magjistër hetues --- lapsia koskevia oikeudellisia asioita käsittelevä tuomari --- tuomarikunta --- children's magistrate --- kohtunikkond --- vyšetrujúci sudca --- magistratura giudicante --- sudca pre deti a mladistvých --- судија на Уставен суд --- istražni sudac --- judecător de primă instanță --- onderzoeksrechter --- rannsakningsdomare --- tutkintatuomari --- bírói testület --- gjyqtar --- sudca --- giudice --- Richter --- rechter --- kohtunik --- съдия --- судија --- breitheamh --- judecător --- bíró --- δικαστής --- juge --- juez --- imħallef --- dommer --- sędzia --- soudce --- juiz --- tuomari --- sudac --- tiesnesis --- sodnik --- teisėjas --- domare --- Euroopa Liidu liige --- generaladvokat (EU-Domstolen) --- општ застапник (СПЕУ) --- sudac Europskoga suda --- abogado general (TJUE) --- avocat general (CJUE) --- Euroopan unionin tuomari --- μέλος του Δικαστηρίου ΕΚ --- miembro del Tribunal de Justicia (CE) --- vedoucí soudní kanceláře (SD) --- Advocate-General (CJUE) --- domare (EU-domstolen) --- član Suda EU-a --- Avukat Ġenerali (QĠUE) --- Generálny advokát (SD) --- Judge (CJUE) --- generalni pravobranilec (SEU) --- kohtunik (EL) --- avvocato generale (CGUE) --- nezavisni odvjetnik Europskoga suda --- kohtujurist (EL) --- juge (CJUE) --- medlem af Domstolen --- secretário (TJUE) --- secretario del Tribunal de Justicia (TJUE) --- judecător (CJUE) --- члан Суда ЕЗ --- sedzia (UE) --- sudca Súdneho dvora (ES) --- EB Teisingumo Teismo narys --- Imħallef (QĠUE) --- Kanzler (EuGH) --- sodnik (SEU) --- sudca (SD) --- Mitglied des EG-Gerichtshofs --- EU-dommer --- juez (TJUE) --- судија (СПЕУ) --- soudce (SD) --- Euroopan unionin julkisasiamies --- membre Cour de justice CE --- juiz (TJUE) --- ledamot av EG-domstolen --- Reġistratur (QĠUE) --- membru al Curții de Justiție a Comunității Europene --- член на СПЕУ --- protokollsförare i EU-domstolen --- az Európai Közösségek Bíróságának tagja --- generální advokát (SD) --- greffier (CJUE) --- membro do Tribunal de Justiça (TJCE) --- EU-bíró --- membro della Corte di giustizia (CE) --- kohtusekretär (EL) --- escrivão (TJUE) --- avocat général (CJUE) --- Richter (EuGH) --- ES generalinis advokatas --- justitssekretær (EU-Domstolen) --- EY:n tuomioistuimen jäsen --- Generalanwalt (EuGH) --- generaladvokat (EU-domstolen) --- członek Europejskiego Trybunału Sprawiedliwości --- giudice (CGUE) --- advogado-geral (TJUE) --- EU-griffier --- δικαστής (ΔΕΕ) --- EU-főtanácsnok --- съдия (EC) --- justitiesekreterare (EU-domstolen) --- a Bíróság tagja --- член на Судот на правдата на Европската Унија --- γραμματέας (ΔΕΕ) --- ES Tiesas loceklis --- ES ģenerāladvokāts --- sodni tajnik (SEU) --- ES teisėjas --- cancelliere (CGUE) --- регистар (СПЕУ) --- súdny zapisovateľ (SD) --- EU-hivatalvezető --- Mitglied des Gerichtshofs EG --- rzecznik generalny (UE) --- grefier (CJUE) --- member of the EC Court of Justice --- ES registratorius --- ES tiesnesis --- съдия от Съда на ЕО --- tiesas sekretārs --- soudci Soudního dvora ES --- sekretarz (UE) --- генерален адвокат (EC) --- ES Sekretorius --- EU-rechter --- član Sodišča (ES) --- Registrar (CJEU) --- EU-advocaat-generaal --- секретар (EC) --- dommer (EU-Domstolen) --- tajomník (SD) --- lid van het Hof van Justitie --- Euroopan unionin kirjaaja --- član Suda EZ-a --- γενικός εισαγγελέας (ΔΕΕ) --- membru tal-Qorti tal-Ġustizzja (UE) --- Tiesas loceklis (ES) --- sudca Súdneho dvora (EÚ) --- član Sodišča (EU) --- член на Съда (ЕС) --- Teisingumo Teismo narys (ES) --- membre de la Cour de justice (UE) --- član Europskoga suda --- члан Суда ЕУ --- lid van het Hof van Justitie (EU) --- soudce Soudního dvora (EU) --- comhalta den Chúirt Bhreithiúnais (AE) --- członek Trybunału Sprawiedliwości (UE) --- Euroopan unionin tuomioistuimen jäsen --- membru al Curții de Justiție (UE) --- membro della Corte di giustizia (UE) --- a Bíróság tagja (EU) --- membro do Tribunal de Justiça (UE) --- miembro del Tribunal de Justicia (UE) --- anëtar i Gjykatës së Drejtësisë (BE) --- член на Судот на правдата (ЕУ) --- Mitglied des Gerichtshofs (EU) --- ledamot av EU-domstolen --- μέλος του Δικαστηρίου (ΕE) --- medlem af Domstolen (EU) --- Euroopa Kohtu liige (EL) --- beslutningsproces --- estrutura funcional --- beslutsprocess --- processus décisionnel --- döntéshozatali folyamat --- Beschlußfassung --- päätöksentekoprosessi --- decision-making process --- διαδικασία λήψης αποφάσεων --- beslutsförlopp --- proces i vendimmarrjes --- proceso decisorio --- határozathozatali eljárás --- processus de décision --- otsustamisprotsess --- besluitvormingsproces --- procedura di decisione --- processo decisorio --- beslutsprocedur --- lēmuma pieņemšanas process --- rozhodovací proces --- besluitvormingsprocedure --- proceso de toma de decisiones --- процес на одлучување --- procédure de décision --- proces de luare a deciziilor --- presa di decisioni --- proces odlučivanja --- Beschlussfassung --- processo di decisione --- beslutningsprocedure --- Beschlussverfahren --- proceso de decisión --- одлучување --- processo de decisão --- döntéshozatal --- Entscheidungsfindung --- odlučivanje --- podejmowanie decyzji --- Entscheidungsprozess --- besluitvorming --- доношење одлуке --- prise de décision --- донесување одлуки --- toma de decisiones --- взимане на решение --- határozathozatal --- teħid ta’ deċiżjonijiet --- vendim-marrje --- odločanje --- päätöksenteko --- otsuste tegemine --- beslutsfattande --- rozhodovanie --- processo decisionale --- tomada de decisão --- donošenje odluke --- beslutningstagning --- lēmuma pieņemšana --- sprendimų priėmimas --- cinnteoireacht --- λήψη απόφασης --- luarea deciziilor --- rozhodování --- pravo Europske unije --- právo Spoločenstva --- normativa comunitaria --- drept comunitar --- diritto europeo --- e drejtë e Bashkimit Europian --- droit de l'Union européenne --- право на Европската заедница --- κοινοτικό δίκαιο --- droit européen --- evropské právo --- réglementation communautaire --- EG-förordningar --- pravo Evropske unije --- direito da União Europeia --- Europos Sąjungos teisė --- uniós jogszabályok --- Euroopa Liidu õigus --- Kopienas noteikumi --- europeisk rätt --- communautaire wetgeving --- Community law --- drept european --- Eurooppa-oikeus --- δίκαιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης --- nariadenia Spoločenstva --- legislația Uniunii Europene --- právo Evropské unie --- reglementări comunitare --- Euroopa Ühenduse õigus --- regulamentação comunitária --- prawo Unii Europejskiej --- közösségi jogszabályok --- Community regulations --- fællesskabsbestemmelser --- ευρωπαϊκό Δίκαιο --- právo ES --- European Union law --- Derecho comunitario --- európai uniós jogszabályok --- liġi tal-Unjoni Ewropea --- communautair recht --- yhteisön asetukset --- közösségi rendeletek --- gemenskapsrätt --- az Európai Unió joga --- Derecho europeo --- регулативи на Заедницата --- europsko pravo --- droit communautaire --- direito comunitário --- európai jog --- diritto comunitario --- legislazione comunitaria --- право на ЕЗ --- recht van de Europese Unie --- fællesskabsregler --- Europäisches Recht --- Recht der Europäischen Union --- Bendrijos teisė --- közösségi jog --- EU-jog --- Eiropas Savienības tiesības --- právo Unie --- Derecho de la Unión Europea --- Euroopan unionin oikeus --- право Заједнице --- Gesetzgebung der Gemeinschaft --- EF-ret --- pravo Zajednice --- prawo wspólnotowe --- yhteisön oikeus --- fællesskabsret --- norme comunitarie --- право на Европските заедници --- EG-rätt --- Europees recht --- communautaire voorschriften --- direito europeu --- европско право --- právo Európskej únie --- Право на Общността --- disposizioni comunitarie --- κοινοτική νομοθεσία --- reglamentación comunitaria --- Gemeinschaftsrecht --- право на Европейския съюз --- komunitární právo --- az EU joga --- Kopienas tiesības --- Bendrijos reglamentai --- regolamentazione comunitaria --- európske právo --- communautaire rechtsorde --- legislativa EU --- European law --- право на Европската Унија --- pravo Skupnosti --- Euroopa õigus --- EU:n oikeus --- ühenduse õigus --- diritto dell'Unione europea --- право Уније --- EG-recht --- pravni propisi Europske unije --- Europos teisė --- pravo EU-a --- ES tiesības --- право ЕУ --- pravo EU --- prawo unijne --- EU-ret --- δίκαιο της ΕΕ --- právo EU --- dlí an Aontais Eorpaigh --- diritto dell'UE --- e drejta e BE-së --- uniós jog --- Derecho de la UE --- unionin oikeus --- droit de l'UE --- EU-Recht --- EU-recht --- ES teisė --- právo EÚ --- legislația UE --- direito da UE --- право на ЕУ --- EU-rätt --- ELi õigus --- liġi tal-UE --- право на ЕС --- ЕСП --- Teisingumo Teismas (instancija) --- Δικαστήριο (δικαστήριο) --- Съд (инстанция) --- il-Qorti tal-Ġustizzja (istanza) --- An Chúirt Bhreithiúnais --- Tribunal de Justicia (instancia) --- Súdny dvor (súdny orgán) --- Europski sud (instanca) --- Curtea de Justiţie (instanţă) --- Tribunal de Justiça (instância) --- Domstolen (instans) --- Cour de justice (instance) --- Hof van Justitie (instantie) --- Corte di giustizia (istanza) --- Euroopa Kohus (kohtuinstants) --- Soudní dvůr (soudní instance) --- domstolen (instans) --- Gerichtshof (Instanz) --- An Chúirt Bhreithiúnais (céadchéim) --- unionin tuomioistuin (tuomioistuin) --- Trybunał Sprawiedliwości (instancja) --- Court of Justice (instance) --- Tiesa (instance) --- Европски суд на правдата --- Cour de justice (UE) --- Суд на правдата (ЕУ) --- Sodišče (EU) --- An Chúirt Bhreithiúnais (AE) --- Tribunal de Justiça (UE) --- Corte di giustizia (UE) --- Tribunal de Justicia (UE) --- Súdny dvor (EÚ) --- domstolen (EU) --- Trybunał Sprawiedliwości (UE) --- Euroopa Kohus (EL) --- Δικαστήριο (ΕΕ) --- Domstolen (EU) --- Curtea de Justiție (UE) --- il-Qorti tal-Ġustizzja (UE) --- Tiesa (ES) --- unionin tuomioistuin --- Hof van Justitie (EU) --- Soudní dvůr (EU) --- Суд правде ЕУ --- Europski sud --- Gerichtshof (EU) --- Съд (ЕС) --- Gjykata e Drejtësisë (BE) --- Teisingumo Teismas (ES) --- Bíróság (EU) --- Court of Justice of the European Union. --- democracy. --- δημοκρατία --- demokrácia --- demokrātija --- democracia --- demokraatia --- democrazia --- demokracija --- démocratie --- demokratija --- daonlathas --- democrație --- demokratia --- demokracie --- demokracja --- demokrati --- demokraci --- demokracia --- democratie --- Demokratie --- demokrazija --- демокрация --- демократија --- politický pluralizmus --- pluralizm polityczny --- πολιτικός πλουραλισμός --- folkstyre --- folkestyre --- politischer Pluralismus --- politiskais plurālisms --- demokrātiska vienlīdzība --- politikai pluralizmus --- égalité démocratique --- politický pluralismus --- ugwaljanza demokratika --- pluraliżmu politiku --- barazi demokratike --- pluralismo político --- politinis pliuralizmas --- politisk jämlikhet --- демократична равнопоставеност --- igualdad democrática --- democratische gelijkheid --- demokratische Gleichheit --- δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα --- demokraattinen yhdenvertaisuus --- poliittinen pluralismi --- politiek pluralisme --- demokratična enakost --- democratic equality --- demokratikus egyenlőség --- pluralisme politique --- politisk mångfald --- demokraatlik võrdsus --- igualdade democrática --- politisk pluralism --- ludowładztwo --- политически плурализъм --- politisk pluralisme --- pluralism politic --- pluralismo politico --- pluralizëm politik --- demokratická rovnost --- politički pluralizam --- uguaglianza democratica --- politični pluralizem --- egalitate democratică --- demokratická rovnosť --- political pluralism --- poliitiline pluralism --- demokratinė lygybė --- политички плурализам --- Gjykata e Drejtësisë e Bashkimit Europian --- il-Qorti tal-Ġustizzja tal-Unjoni Ewropea --- Суд правде Европске уније --- Soudní dvůr Evropské unie --- Cúirt Bhreithiúnais an Aontais Eorpaigh --- Суд на правдата на Европската Унија --- Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia --- Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej --- az Európai Unió Bírósága --- Den Europæiske Unions Domstol --- Súdny dvor Európskej únie --- Eiropas Savienības Tiesa --- Cour de justice de l'Union européenne --- Sodišče Evropske unije --- Euroopan unionin tuomioistuin --- Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie --- Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea --- Europeiska unionens domstol --- Sud Europske unije --- Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union --- Δικαστήριο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης --- Curtea de Justiție a Uniunii Europene --- Corte di giustizia dell'Unione europea --- Europos Sąjungos Teisingumo Teismas --- Съд на Европейския съюз --- Euroopa Liidu Kohus --- TT --- SD --- Sud EZ-a --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades Europeias --- yhteisötuomioistuin --- EB --- Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union (Organ) --- Curtea de Justiţie a Uniunii Europene (instituţie) --- Evropský soudní dvůr --- Sud Europske unije (institucija) --- EK Tiesa --- Δικαστήριο ΕΚ --- Euroopa Kohus --- EST --- Court of Justice of the European Union (institution) --- Az Európai Unió Bírósága (intézmény) --- Δικαστήριο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (θεσμικό) --- Euroopa Liidu Kohus (institutsioon) --- Súdny dvor ES --- Δικαστήριο των Ευρωπαϊκών Κοινοτήτων --- Cúirt Bhreithiúnais an Aontais Eorpaigh (institiúid) --- Community court --- Gemeinschaftsgerichtsbarkeit --- EKT --- Europees Hof van Justitie --- TJCE --- Eiropas Kopienu Tiesa --- Domstolen --- a Bíróság --- jurisdicción comunitaria --- De Europæiske Fællesskabers Domstol --- TS --- giurisdizione comunitaria --- jurisdição comunitária --- Cour de justice des Communautés européennes --- Soudní dvůr ES --- Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (institución) --- Eiropas Savienības Tiesa (iestāde) --- Európai Bíróság --- EY:n tuomioistuin --- Euroopan unionin tuomioistuin (toimielin) --- Curte comunitară --- Corte di giustizia CE --- CJUE --- Soudní dvůr Evropských společenství --- HvJEG --- Cour de justice de l’Union européenne (institution) --- HvJ --- EU-Bíróság --- Tribunal de Justiça CE --- Gerichtshof der Europäischen Gemeinschaften --- Tribunal de Justiça Europeu --- Tribunal de Justicia CE --- Curtea Europeană de Justiție --- Europäischer Gerichtshof --- Cúirt Bhreithiúnais na gComhphobal Eorpach --- Court of Justice of the European Communities --- ΔΕΚ --- EG-Gerichtshof --- SEU --- CJEC --- il-Qorti tal-Ġustizzja tal-Unjoni Ewropea (istituzzjoni) --- Sud EU-a --- Europos Bendrijų Teisingumo Teismas --- EF-Domstolen --- EBTT --- gemenskapsdomstol --- Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia (instituição) --- juridiction communautaire --- Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie (instelling) --- CJCE --- Ευρωπαϊκό Δικαστήριο --- il-Qorti tal-Ġustizzja tal-Komunitajiet Ewropej --- CGUE --- Europeiska unionens domstol (institution) --- Curtea de Justiție a Comunităților Europene --- CGCE --- Sodišče Evropske unije (institucija) --- Съд на ЕО --- SDES --- Corte di giustizia europea --- Corte di giustizia dell’Unione europea (istituzione) --- Euroopa Ühenduste Kohus --- Sodišče Evropskih skupnosti --- QĠUE --- Euroopan yhteisöjen tuomioistuin --- EU-Domstolen --- Súd Spoločenstva --- Europejski Trybunał Sprawiedliwości --- κοινοτικό δικαστήριο --- Europeiska gemenskapernas domstol --- Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej (instytucja) --- Съд на Европейския съюз (институция) --- yhteisöjen tuomioistuin --- Bendrijos teismas --- Soudní dvůr Evropské unie (orgán) --- Europos Teisingumo Teismas --- EC Court of Justice --- SES --- EF-domsmyndighed --- Europos Sąjungos Teisingumo Teismas (institucija) --- EK Bíróság --- ΔΕΕ --- Съд на Европейските общности --- Tribunal de Justicia Europeo --- CJEU --- Kopienas Tiesa --- TJUE --- Eiropas Tiesa --- Cour de justice européenne --- Суд ЕЗ --- EU-domstolen --- Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Wspólnot Europejskich --- Den Europæiske Unions Domstol (institution) --- Tiesa Eiropai --- az Európai Közösségek Bírósága --- Sodišče ES --- Sud Europskih zajednica --- СПЕУ --- CBCE --- Hof van Justitie EG --- Corte di giustizia delle Comunità europee --- Európsky súdny dvor --- Súdny dvor Európskej únie (inštitúcia) --- EG-domstolen --- Súdny dvor Európskych spoločenstiev --- EB Teisingumo Teismas --- LAW / International