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This volume describes village life in the drylands of central Mali, West Africa, and how it has changed over 35 years. It explores how climate change, population growth, new technologies, and land-grabs can affect the livelihoods of village society. How do people survive and thrive in the uncertain and risk-prone Sahel? This long-term study portrays the people of Dlonguébougou in Central Mali, to show how they have adapted to change over the last 35 years, shaping new strategies and finding new sources of cash. Drawing on my 2 years in the village in 1980–1982, published in Cattle, Women, and Wells: Managing Household Survival in the Sahel (OUP 1992), I have revisited the people to explore the village economy and society today. A tripling in population, unpredictable rainfall, and the arrival of the Chinese have forced people into new ways of both making ends meet and building up wealth—some are doing much better than others. Using a combination of infographics, satellite images, interviews, and survey data, my research presents the different strategies and fortunes of individuals and their families, the search for new cash incomes, the shift of people from village to town, and the erosion of collective solidarity at household and village levels. Overall, people’s fortunes have been mixed. Many people acknowledge they have become financially better off, but they are no longer so rooted in the life and landscape of millet farming, which had structured household relationships and village society. Land has become much scarcer, and the villagers can no longer exert much power over the wider society and environment. In eight chapters, Land, Investment, and Migration is written in an engaging style, with plenty of illustrations and material from interviews.

Villages --- Mali --- Economic conditions --- Rural conditions --- Social conditions --- Immigration --- Investissements --- histoire --- Exploitation agricole --- Terres agricoles --- Revenu --- investment --- history --- rural settlement --- agricultural land --- Economic conditions. --- terra agrícola --- земеделска земя --- jordbruksmark --- terre agricole --- art agrikola --- landbouwgrond --- tokë bujqësore --- maatalousmaa --- terreno agricolo --- žemės ūkio naudmenos --- mezőgazdasági földterület --- земјоделско земјиште --- lauksaimniecības zeme --- talamh talmhaíochta --- poljoprivredno zemljište --- kmetijsko zemljišče --- landwirtschaftliche Nutzfläche --- γεωργική γη --- poľnohospodárska pôda --- landbrugsjord --- teren agricol --- ziemia rolnicza --- zemědělská půda --- пољопривредно земљиште --- põllumajandusmaa --- tierra agrícola --- bestelltes Land --- viljelymaa --- teren cultivat --- talumaa --- bebouwde grond --- farmárska pôda --- dyrket jord --- půda patřící statku --- mezőgazdasági hasznosítású földterület --- terra cultivada --- tokë fermere --- ūkio dirbamoji žemė --- tierra cultivada --- terreno coltivato --- odlad mark --- megművelt föld --- farmland --- bebautes Land --- καλλιεργημένη γη --- terre cultivée --- vidiecka osídlenie --- aglomerado rural --- podeželsko naselje --- wieś --- plattelandsagglomeratie --- așezare rurală --- рурална населба --- maaseututaajama --- αγροτικός οικισμός --- insedjament rurali --- aglomeración rural --- lauku apdzīvotne --- сеоско насеље --- lonnaíocht tuaithe --- seosko naselje --- agglomerato rurale --- vendbanim rural --- земеделско селище --- bebyggelse på landsbygden --- kaimiškoji gyvenvietė --- ländliche Siedlung --- venkovská aglomerace --- vidéki település --- bebyggelse i landområde --- maa-asula --- agglomération rurale --- pueblo --- paese --- Dorf --- ves --- středisková obec --- kylä --- frazione --- dedina --- falu --- селска населба --- village --- landsby --- selo --- fshat --- αγροτικό συγκρότημα --- landsbybebyggelse --- aldeia --- рурално населено место --- kaimas --- sat --- vesnice --- ciems --- küla --- dorp --- село --- χωριό --- aldea --- História --- ιστορία --- storja --- histori --- historie --- historia --- história --- история --- stair --- geschiedenis --- történettudomány --- povijest --- zgodovina --- историја --- Geschichtswissenschaft --- storia --- istorija --- ajalugu --- vēsture --- istorie --- Geschichte --- historiografie --- storiografia --- dějiny národů --- historiador --- dějepis --- historická věda --- történelem --- ulaganje --- infheistíocht --- inwestycje --- naložba --- investeering --- investiții --- investiment --- beruházás --- Investition --- инвестиция --- investering --- investicija --- investissement --- investice --- улагање --- инвестиција --- inversión --- investimento --- investim --- investointi --- investícia --- ieguldījumi --- επένδυση --- capital expenditure --- kapitāla ieguldījumu prasības --- investiranje --- infheistiú --- kapitálové investice --- necessidades de investimento --- investeringsnoodzaak --- Investitionsbedarf --- inversión de capitales --- kapitalo investicijų poreikis --- investeerimine --- necesidades de inversión --- kapitálové investičné požiadavky --- capital investment requirement --- kërkesë për investime kapitale --- Kapitalinvestition --- rischio di investimento --- necesitatea investițiilor de capital --- cheltuieli de capital --- tasso d'investimento --- beruházási igény --- shpenzime kapitale --- kapitali investeerimisnõue --- kapitálové výdavky --- befektetés --- investeringsbehov --- befektetési igény --- besoin d'investissement --- капитална инвестиција --- kapitālieguldījumu izdevumi --- επενδυτική ανάγκη --- investoinnit --- investiční výdaje --- investavimas --- propensione agli investimenti --- kapitaalinvestering --- fabbisogno d'investimento --- kapitalinvestering --- kapitalinės išlaidos --- επένδυση κεφαλαίων --- investimento de capitais --- investissement de capitaux --- imigrace --- доселување --- είσοδος μεταναστών --- immigrazione --- imigracja --- imigrācija --- inmigración --- bevándorlás --- imigracion --- inimirce --- imigracija --- Einwanderung --- immigration --- imigrácia --- immigratie --- imigração --- immigrazzjoni --- useljavanje --- имиграция --- priseljevanje --- maahanmuutto --- imigrație --- усељавање --- immigratsioon --- имиграција --- invandring --- přistěhovalectví --- įeivystė --- indvandring --- sisseränne --- immigráció --- Mali. --- exploitation of resources. --- Mailí --- Malis --- Мали --- Μάλι --- Malí --- Republika Mali --- Republikken Mali --- Mali Köztársaság --- Repubblica del Mali --- Mali Vabariik --- Republica Mali --- Republic of Mali --- Malin tasavalta --- Δημοκρατία του Μάλι --- Mali Republika --- die Republik Mali --- ir-Repubblika ta' Mali --- Malio Respublika --- Република Мали --- Republiek Mali --- Republiken Mali --- Maliská republika --- República do Mali --- República de Malí --- Republika e Malit --- Malijská republika --- République du Mali --- искористување ресурси --- loodusvarade kasutamine --- využívanie zdrojov --- exploitation des ressources --- források kiaknázása --- explotación de recursos --- esplojtazzjoni tar-riżorsi --- saothrú acmhainní --- ressourceudnyttelse --- shfrytëzimi i burimeve --- exploatarea resurselor --- εκμετάλλευση των πλουτοπαραγωγικών πόρων --- ontginning van de hulpbronnen --- exploração dos recursos --- izkoriščanje virov --- sfruttamento delle risorse --- експлоатация на ресурси --- luonnonvarojen hyödyntäminen --- gamtos išteklių naudojimas --- искоришћавање природних богатстава --- Nutzung der Ressourcen --- resursutnyttjande --- iskorištavanje prirodnih izvora --- eksploatacja zasobów --- resursu izmantošana --- využívání zdrojů --- експлоатација на природни богатства --- експлоатација на ресурси --- απόληψη των πλουτοπαραγωγικών πόρων --- využití zdrojů --- iskorištavanje dobara --- čerpání zdrojů --- Ausbeutung der Ressourcen --- eksploatacija prirodnih izvora --- Villages - Mali --- Mali - Economic conditions --- Mali - Rural conditions --- Mali - Social conditions --- Mali - Economic conditions - 21st century --- 2000-2099

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The Changing Arctic and the European Union provides a balanced and up-to-date overview of the multidimensional change taking place in the Arctic regions. Against this background, the role of the European Union regarding Arctic developments is considered, including the ongoing process of formulating an umbrella EU Arctic policy. In particular, the themes of climate change, maritime transport, fisheries, offshore oil and gas extraction, mining, land use and sociocultural change are discussed. The book comprises primarily an updated and expanded version of the report Strategic Assessment of Development of the Arctic: An assessment conducted for the European Union , produced for the European Commission. The report was to a great extent based on the interaction with Arctic stakeholders.

Arctic regions --- Economic conditions --- European Union countries --- EU countries --- Euroland --- Europe --- Arctic --- Arctic Ocean Region --- Arctic, The --- Far North --- The Arctic --- Polar regions --- Relations --- E-books --- Economic conditions. --- BPB1705 --- Arctique --- Union européenne --- Droit de la mer --- Exploitation des ressources --- Russie --- Canada --- Groenland --- États-Unis --- Norvège --- Exploitation des mers --- Kanada --- Канада --- Kanāda --- il-Kanada --- Ceanada --- Καναδάς --- Canadá --- Terre-Neuve --- Њуфаундленд --- Квебек --- Νέα Γη --- Nový Foundland --- Njufaundlend --- Niufaundlandas --- Terra Nova --- Κεμπέκ --- Terranova --- New-Foundland --- Quebec --- Kebeku --- Kvebekas --- Quebeque --- Új-Fundland --- Newfoundland --- Neufundland --- Québec --- Rusland --- Ryssland --- Rusko --- An Rúis --- Русија --- ir-Russja --- Rusija --- Venäjä --- Ρωσία --- Rusia --- Oroszország --- die Russische Föderation --- Venemaa --- Русия --- Krievija --- Rússia --- Rosja --- Russia --- Russische Föderation --- Venäjän federaatio --- Federata Ruse --- Ruská federace --- Fédération de Russie --- Federacja Rosyjska --- Ruská federácia --- Krievijas Federācija --- Venemaa Föderatsioon --- Russische Federatie --- Russian Federation --- il-Federazzjoni Russa --- Ruska federacija --- Den Russiske Føderation --- Federația Rusă --- Federação Russa --- Federazione russa --- RSFSR --- Ryska federationen --- Orosz Föderáció --- Руска Федерација --- Rußland --- Руска федерация --- Rusijos Federacija --- Federación de Rusia --- Russland --- искористување ресурси --- loodusvarade kasutamine --- využívanie zdrojov --- exploitation of resources --- források kiaknázása --- explotación de recursos --- esplojtazzjoni tar-riżorsi --- ressourceudnyttelse --- shfrytëzimi i burimeve --- exploatarea resurselor --- εκμετάλλευση των πλουτοπαραγωγικών πόρων --- ontginning van de hulpbronnen --- exploração dos recursos --- izkoriščanje virov --- sfruttamento delle risorse --- експлоатация на ресурси --- luonnonvarojen hyödyntäminen --- gamtos išteklių naudojimas --- искоришћавање природних богатстава --- Nutzung der Ressourcen --- resursutnyttjande --- iskorištavanje prirodnih izvora --- eksploatacja zasobów --- resursu izmantošana --- využívání zdrojů --- експлоатација на природни богатства --- експлоатација на ресурси --- απόληψη των πλουτοπαραγωγικών πόρων --- využití zdrojů --- iskorištavanje dobara --- čerpání zdrojů --- Ausbeutung der Ressourcen --- eksploatacija prirodnih izvora --- havsrätt --- morské právo --- jūras tiesības --- Derecho del mar --- право на морето --- pravo mora --- merilainsäädäntö --- direito do mar --- diritto del mare --- tengerjog --- mednarodno pomorsko pravo --- mořské právo --- prawo morza --- dlí muirí --- dreptul mării --- zeerecht --- право мора --- jūrų teisė --- e drejtë detare --- Seerecht --- dritt tal-baħar --- havret --- law of the sea --- mereõigus --- δίκαιο της θάλασσας --- international maritime law --- internationaal maritiem recht --- međunarodno pravo mora --- drept internațional maritim --- ANO Jūras tiesību konvencija --- Unclos --- medzinárodné námorné právo --- διεθνές δίκαιο της θάλασσας --- droit international maritime --- internationell havsrätt --- kansainvälinen merioikeus --- internationales Seerecht --- Seegerichtsbarkeit --- mezinárodní mořské právo --- diritto marittimo internazionale --- rahvusvaheline mereõigus --- dlí na mara --- nemzetközi tengerjog --- direito internacional marítimo --- Derecho internacional marítimo --- Seegericht --- international søret --- територијално море --- e drejtë ndërkombëtare detare --- tarptautinė jūrų teisė --- меѓународно право на морето --- Europese Unie --- Europska unija --- União Europeia --- Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση --- Európska únia --- Európai Unió --- Europäische Union --- Europos Sąjunga --- Evropská unie --- Европска унија --- Unjoni Ewropea --- Европейски съюз --- Europeiska unionen --- European Union --- Euroopan unioni --- Eiropas Savienība --- Unión Europea --- Evropska unija --- Unia Europejska --- Unione europea --- Uniunea Europeană --- Den Europæiske Union --- Европска Унија --- Euroopa Liit --- an tAontas Eorpach --- Bashkimi Europian --- Sąjungos institucija --- Sąjungos teisė --- právo Únie --- νόμος της Ένωσης --- Savienības tiesības --- wet van de Unie --- legge dell'Unione --- Europæisk Union --- unionslagstiftning --- atto dell'Unione --- AE --- loi de l'Union --- EU --- e drejta e Bashkimit --- ЕУ --- lege a Uniunii Europene --- Union law --- Arktída --- Északi-sark --- Арктик --- Arktika --- Arctica --- Arktyka --- Artiku --- Арктика --- Artico --- Arktis --- Αρκτική --- Pohjoisnapa-alue --- Ártico --- Arktida --- Arktik --- Pólo Norte --- αρκτικός κύκλος --- Βόρειος Πόλος --- Arctic Circle --- Nordpol --- Arkties žemynas --- continent arctique --- cercul arctic --- Pohjoisnapamanner --- Arkties ratas --- Северен Пол --- continentul arctic --- pohjoisnapa --- arktiska kontinenten --- continente ártico --- severný polárny kruh --- ziemeļpols --- Šiaurės ašigalis --- Polo Nord --- cercle arctique --- polcirkel --- napapiiri --- Nordpolargebiet --- circolo polare artico --- polul nord --- noordelijke poolcirkel --- Rrethi Arktik --- kontinenti Arktik --- északi sarkkör --- Земјин Северен Пол --- põhjapolaarjoon --- Arctic continent --- pôle Nord --- polo Norte --- arktická oblast --- арктички круг --- Den Nordlige Polarcirkel --- círculo polar ártico --- círculo ártico --- arktický kontinent --- severný pól --- severní polární kruh --- географски северен пол --- North Pole --- Poli i Veriut --- ziemeļu polārais loks --- északi sarkvidék --- continente artico --- Árctico --- nördlicher Polarkreis --- Arktika manner --- Nordpolen --- severní pól --- põhjapoolus --- Den Nordlige Polarkreds --- Nutzung der Meere --- εκμετάλλευση της θάλασσας --- izkoriščanje morja --- využití moře --- exploatering av haven --- shfrytëzimi i detrave --- merede kasutamine --- exploatarea mărilor --- exploitation of the seas --- merten hyödyntäminen --- exploração marítima --- tengerek kihasználása --- sfruttar tal-ibħra --- jūrų išteklių naudojimas --- искористување на морињата --- jūru izmantošana --- iskorištavanje mora --- udnyttelse af have --- експлоатация на моретата --- eksploatacja mórz --- explotación de los mares --- využívanie morí --- sfruttamento dei mari --- ontginning van de zeeën --- искоришћавање мора --- експлоатација на морињата --- eksploatacija mora --- Норвешка --- Norja --- Norvégia --- in-Norveġja --- Норвегия --- Noorwegen --- Norwegia --- Norwegen --- Nórsko --- Norway --- Norvegija --- Norvegjia --- Norvēģija --- Norvegia --- Νορβηγία --- Noruega --- Norra --- An Iorua --- Norge --- Norveška --- Norsko --- Кралство Норвегия --- Royaume de Norvège --- Norjan kuningaskunta --- Królestwo Norwegii --- Reino de Noruega --- Norra Kuningriik --- ir-Renju tan-Norveġja --- Kraljevina Norveška --- Norvég Királyság --- Kongeriget Norge --- Regno di Norvegia --- Nórske kráľovstvo --- Mbretëria e Norvegjisë --- Kingdom of Norway --- Кралство Норвешка --- Norvegijos Karalystė --- Краљевина Норвешка --- Norské království --- Koninkrijk Noorwegen --- das Königreich Norwegen --- Reino da Noruega --- Regatul Norvegiei --- Konungariket Norge --- Norvēģijas Karaliste --- Βασίλειο της Νορβηγίας --- die Vereinigte Staaten --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Združene države --- United States --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες --- l-Istati Uniti --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- Stati Uniti --- Shtetet e Bashkuara --- Estados Unidos --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Spojené státy --- Egyesült Államok --- Statele Unite --- Amerikas Savienotās Valstis --- Förenta staterna --- Verenigde Staten --- Сједињене Америчке Државе --- Jungtinės Valstijos --- Yhdysvallat --- Съединени щати --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Spojené štáty --- Соединети Американски Држави --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- САД --- VS --- USA --- EE.UU. --- JAV --- Amerikas förenta stater --- l-Istati Uniti tal-Amerika --- los Estados Unidos de América --- ΗΠΑ --- Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës --- SAD --- Verenigde Staten van Amerika --- Соединетите Држави --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Statele Unite ale Americii --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής --- SHBA --- United States of America --- Ühendriigid --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες Αμερικής --- EUA --- ASV --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Združene države Amerike --- Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki --- САЩ --- Съединени американски щати --- SUA --- Yhdysvallat, USA --- Spojené státy americké --- U.S.A. --- Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos --- Sjedinjene Države --- Estados Unidos da América --- De Forenede Stater --- Spojené státy severoamerické --- Amerikan yhdysvallat --- Spojené štáty americké --- die Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- US --- Гренландия --- Grónsko --- Grenlandia --- An Ghraonlainn --- Grenland --- Grönland --- Groenlandia --- Gronelândia --- Grenlande --- Гренланд --- Greenland --- Gröönimaa --- il-Groenlandja --- Grønland --- Groenlanda --- Grenlandija --- Γροιλανδία --- Grönlanti --- dlí na farraige --- An tArtach --- saothrú acmhainní --- saothrú na bhfarraigí --- Na Stáit Aontaithe --- Union européenne --- États-Unis --- Norvège