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This report discusses the main results of a project on how an influx of funds could spur development of cleaner public transport, and reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in large urban centres in Kyrgyzstan, by providing an analysis for designing a green public investment programme in this sector. This sector represents an opportunity for Kyrgyzstan to address key objectives in its environmental and climate-related policies as part of the country's ambitions to transition to a green economic path of development. The investment programme is also designed to support the modernisation of the urban transport fleet in the country and stimulate the domestic market to shift to modern buses powered by cleaner fuels. The programme is foreseen to be implemented in two phases: the first covers the cities of Bishkek and Osh and the second extends to areas outside of the initial pilot city centres (pilot city suburbs as well as inter-city transport). These investments are expected to result in significant environmental, public service and socio-economic benefits.

Development. --- Kyrgyzstan. --- Jierjisi gong he guo --- Jumhūrī-i Qirqīzistān --- Kirghizia --- Kirgisia --- Kirgisien --- Kirgisistan --- Kirgizii︠a︡ --- Kirgizistan --- Kirgiziya --- Kirgizstan --- Kirugisu --- Kirugisutan --- Kuruguzu --- Kuruguzusutan --- Kyrghyzstan --- Kyrgyz Republic --- Kyrgyz Respublikasy --- Kyrgyzskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Kyrgyzskaya Respublika --- Kyrgyzstan Respublikasy --- Qirghiz Respublikasi --- Qīrghīzistān --- Qırğız Respublikası --- Qırğızstan --- Qirqīzistān --- Republic of Kyrgyzstan --- Respublika Kyrgyzstan --- Кыргыз Республикасы --- Кыргызстан --- Кыргызская Республика --- Киргизия --- キルギス --- キルギスタン --- クルグズ --- クルグズスタン --- Kirghiz S.S.R. --- Environmental Economics --- Business & Economics

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David W. Montgomery presents a rich ethnographic study on the practice and meaning of Islamic life in Kyrgyzstan. As he shows, becoming and being a Muslim are based on knowledge acquired from the surrounding environment, enabled through the practice of doing. Through these acts, Islam is imbued in both the individual and the community. To Montgomery, religious practice and lived experience combine to create an ideological space that is shaped by events, opportunities, and potentialities that form the context from which knowing emerges. This acquired knowledge further frames social navigation and political negotiation.Through his years of on-the-ground research, Montgomery assembles both an anthropology of knowledge and an anthropology of Islam, demonstrating how individuals make sense of and draw meanings from their environments. He reveals subtle individual interpretations of the religion and how people seek to define themselves and their lives as "good" within their communities and under Islam.Based on numerous in-depth interviews, bolstered by extensive survey and data collection, Montgomery offers the most thorough English-language study to date of Islam in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. His work provides a broad view into the cognitive processes of Central Asian populations that will serve students, researchers, and policymakers alike.

Kyrgyzstan --- Religious life and customs. --- Jierjisi gong he guo --- Jumhūrī-i Qirqīzistān --- Kirghizia --- Kirgisia --- Kirgisien --- Kirgisistan --- Kirgizii︠a︡ --- Kirgizistan --- Kirgiziya --- Kirgizstan --- Kirugisu --- Kirugisutan --- Kuruguzu --- Kuruguzusutan --- Kyrghyzstan --- Kyrgyz Republic --- Kyrgyz Respublikasy --- Kyrgyzskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Kyrgyzskaya Respublika --- Kyrgyzstan Respublikasy --- Qirghiz Respublikasi --- Qīrghīzistān --- Qırğız Respublikası --- Qırğızstan --- Qirqīzistān --- Republic of Kyrgyzstan --- Respublika Kyrgyzstan --- Кыргыз Республикасы --- Кыргызстан --- Кыргызская Республика --- Киргизия --- キルギス --- キルギスタン --- クルグズ --- クルグズスタン --- Kirghiz S.S.R.

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How do specific secular and religious ideologies-such as nationalism, neoliberalism, atheism, Pentecostalism, Tablighi Islam, and shamanism-gain popularity and when do they lose traction? To answer these questions, Mathijs Pelkmans critically examines the trajectories of a range of ideologies as they move into the post-Soviet frontier in Central Asia. Ethnographically rooted in the everyday life of a former mining town in southern Kyrgyzstan, Fragile Conviction shows how residents have dealt with the existential and epistemic crises that arose after the collapse of the Soviet Empire. Residents became enchanted by the truths of Muslim and Christian missionaries, embraced the teachings of neoliberal and nationalist ideologues, and were riveted by the visions of shamanic healers. But no matter how much enthusiasm and hope these ideas first engendered, the commitment to any of them rarely lasted very long.Pelkmans finds that there is an inverse relationship between the tenacity and the effervescence of collective ideas, between their strength to persist and their ability to trigger committed action. Introducing the concept of pulsation, he argues in Fragile Conviction that ideational power must be understood in relation to three aspects: the voicing of the idea, its tension with everyday reality, and its reverberation within groups of listeners. The conclusion that the power of conviction is rooted in the instability of sociocultural contexts is a message that has relevance far beyond urban Central Asia.

Kyrgyzstan --- Kirghizia --- Kyrgyz Republic --- Kyrgyz Respublikasy --- Kyrgyzstan Respublikasy --- Respublika Kyrgyzstan --- Republic of Kyrgyzstan --- Kyrghyzstan --- Kirgisien --- Kirgizstan --- Kirgizistan --- Jierjisi gong he guo --- Qīrghīzistān --- Qirqīzistān --- Jumhūrī-i Qirqīzistān --- Ideology --- Post-communism --- Intellectual life. --- Religious life. --- Politics and government --- Postcommunism --- World politics --- Communism --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Philosophy --- Political science --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Кыргыз Республикасы --- Qırğız Respublikası --- Кыргызская Республика --- Kyrgyzskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Kyrgyzskaya Respublika --- Qirghiz Respublikasi --- Кыргызстан --- Qırğızstan --- Киргизия --- Kirgizii︠a︡ --- Kirgiziya --- キルギス --- Kirugisu --- クルグズスタン --- Kuruguzusutan --- クルグズ --- Kuruguzu --- キルギスタン --- Kirugisutan --- Kirgisia --- Kirgisistan --- Kirghiz S.S.R. --- Intellectual life

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The Kyrgyz Republic has made major strides in the past decade in its transition to a market-based economy. Its trade and investment policies are arguably the most liberal among the member countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Despite the generally progressive stance on structural policies and a sound record of macroeconomic management in recent years, economic growth has been modest, living standards are low, a large burden of external debt has accumulated, and integration into global production and trade remains limited. The growth agenda must address more carefully the constra

Economic infrastructure --- Kyrgyzstan --- Economics. --- Economic conditions --- Commercial policy. --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Jierjisi gong he guo --- Jumhūrī-i Qirqīzistān --- Kirghizia --- Kirgisia --- Kirgisien --- Kirgisistan --- Kirgizii︠a︡ --- Kirgizistan --- Kirgiziya --- Kirgizstan --- Kirugisu --- Kirugisutan --- Kuruguzu --- Kuruguzusutan --- Kyrghyzstan --- Kyrgyz Republic --- Kyrgyz Respublikasy --- Kyrgyzskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Kyrgyzskaya Respublika --- Kyrgyzstan Respublikasy --- Qirghiz Respublikasi --- Qīrghīzistān --- Qırğız Respublikası --- Qırğızstan --- Qirqīzistān --- Republic of Kyrgyzstan --- Respublika Kyrgyzstan --- Кыргыз Республикасы --- Кыргызстан --- Кыргызская Республика --- Киргизия --- キルギス --- キルギスタン --- クルグズ --- クルグズスタン --- Kirghiz S.S.R.

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In The Šabdan Baatır Codex , Daniel Prior presents the first complete edition, translation, and interpretation of a unique manuscript of early twentieth-century Kirghiz poetry, which includes detailed accounts of nineteenth-century warfare. Dedicated to the chief Šabdan Baatır, the Codex occupies an illuminating position in a network of oral and written genres that encompassed epic poetry and genealogy, panegyric and steppe oral historiography; that echoed oral performance and aspired to print publishing. The Codex’s fresh articulation of concepts of Kirghiz self-identification was incipiently national, yet remained couched in traditional forms. The Codex thus bridges the interval, often glossed over in cultural histories, between a supposedly archaic state of oral epic tradition and the “afterlife” of epics in modern ethno-nationalist projects.

Kyrgyz literature --- Epic literature, Kyrgyz --- Historiography --- Historical criticism --- History --- Authorship --- Kyrgyz epic literature --- History and criticism. --- Criticism --- Kyrgyzstan --- Jierjisi gong he guo --- Jumhūrī-i Qirqīzistān --- Kirghizia --- Kirgisia --- Kirgisien --- Kirgisistan --- Kirgizii︠a︡ --- Kirgizistan --- Kirgiziya --- Kirgizstan --- Kirugisu --- Kirugisutan --- Kuruguzu --- Kuruguzusutan --- Kyrghyzstan --- Kyrgyz Republic --- Kyrgyz Respublikasy --- Kyrgyzskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Kyrgyzskaya Respublika --- Kyrgyzstan Respublikasy --- Qirghiz Respublikasi --- Qīrghīzistān --- Qırğız Respublikası --- Qırğızstan --- Qirqīzistān --- Republic of Kyrgyzstan --- Respublika Kyrgyzstan --- Кыргыз Республикасы --- Кыргызстан --- Кыргызская Республика --- Киргизия --- キルギス --- キルギスタン --- クルグズ --- クルグズスタン --- Kirghiz S.S.R.