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At a time when the human impact on the environment is more devastating than ever, business initiatives frame the quest to "green" capitalism as the key to humanity's long-term survival. Indeed, even before the rise of the environmental movement in the 1970s, businesses sometimes had reasons to protect parts of nature, limit their production of wastes, and support broader environmental reforms. In the last thirty years, especially, many businesses have worked hard to reduce their direct and indirect environmental footprint. But are these efforts exceptional, or can capitalism truly be environmentally conscious?Green Capitalism? offers a critical, historically informed perspective on building a more sustainable economy. Written by scholars of business history and environmental history, the essays in this volume consider the nature of capitalism through historical overviews of twentieth-century businesses and a wide range of focused case studies. Beginning early in the century, contributors explore the response of business leaders to environmental challenges in an era long before the formation of the modern regulatory state. Moving on to midcentury environmental initiatives, scholars analyze failed business efforts to green products and packaging-such as the infamous six-pack ring-in the 1960s and 1970s. The last section contains case studies of businesses that successfully managed greening initiatives, from the first effort by an electric utility to promote conservation, to the environmental overhaul of a Swedish mining company, to the problem of household waste in pre-1990 West Germany. Ranging in geographic scope from Europe to the United States, Green Capitalism? raises questions about capitalism in different historical, sociocultural, and political contexts.Contributors: Hartmut Berghoff, Ann-Kristin Bergquist, Brian C. Black, William D. Bryan, Julie Cohn, Leif Fredrickson, Hugh S. Gorman, Geoffrey Jones, David Kinkela, Roman Köster, Joseph A. Pratt, Adam Rome, Christine Meisner Rosen.

Environmentalism --- Capitalism --- Business enterprises --- Environmental policy --- Economic aspects --- History --- Environmental aspects --- miljøvern --- kapitalisme --- økonomiske aspekter --- miljøaspekter --- bedrifter --- miljøpolitikk --- økologisme

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Enduring rivalries recurrently ensnare states in militarized disputes and wars. Are they poised to intensify in the Asia-Pacific, a region characterized by regime and cultural differences, territorial contests, and competing nationalist and regime claims? It is often argued that these conditions and recent power shifts are likely to lead to conflict escalation and contagion, especially in Sino-American relations. Steve Chan's book challenges this common view and argues instead that Asia-Pacific rivalries are likely to be held in abeyance. He suggests that the majority of leaders in the region wish to base their political legitimacy on their economic performance rather than popular mobilization against foreign enemies. Economic interdependence and political multilateralism have restrained and in some cases reversed rivalries. Although Asia-Pacific states will continue to quarrel, Chan argues that their relations are more stable today than at any other time since 1945.

Asia --- Pacific Area --- Asia-Pacific Region --- Asian-Pacific Region --- Asian and Pacific Council countries --- Pacific Ocean Region --- Pacific Region --- Pacific Rim --- Foreign relations. --- Foreign economic relations. --- Economic integration. --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Internationale relationer --- Økonomiske aspekter --- Økonomisk integration

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The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, adopted in the World Conference on Human Rights in June 1993, reaffirmed the indivisible and interdependent nature of all human rights. Yet the category of economic, social and cultural rights remains a subject of debate and controversy. The highly successful first edition of this book was the first comprehensive textbook on internationally recognized economic, social and cultural rights. While focusing on this category of rights, it also analysed their relationships to other human rights, civil and political rights in particular. This second edition updates and revises the fist, and supplements it with a number of new chapters. These include chapters on the domestic realisation of economic and social rights, on the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, on economic and social rights in the European Union as well as on multinational enterprises and economic, social and cultural rights. Furthermore, a number of chapters have been written by new authors such as the chapters on the right to health, on human rights and protection of the environment, on women and on international development finance institutions.

Human rights. --- Human rights --- Law, Politics & Government --- Human Rights --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Law and legislation --- internasjonale menneskerettigheter --- økonomiske rettigheter --- sosiale rettigheter --- kulturelle rettigheter --- selvstendighet --- utvikling --- International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights --- International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. --- Human Rights.

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European Economic and Social Committee --- Economic and Social Committee of the European Communities. --- Commission of the European Communities. --- Comité économique et social des communautés européennes --- Comitato economico e sociale delle comunità europee --- Economisch en Sociaal Comité van de Europese Gemeenschappen --- Wirtschafts- und Sozialausschuss der Europäischen Gemeinschaften --- Europæiske fællesskabers økonomiske og sociale udvalg --- Economic and Social Consultative Assembly --- ESC (Economic and Social Committee of the European Communities)

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Powerful countries like the United States regularly employ economic sanctions as a tool for promoting their foreign policy interests. Yet this foreign policy tool has an uninspiring track record of success, with economic sanctions achieving their goals less than a third of the time they are imposed. The costs of these failed sanctions policies can be significant for the states that impose them, their targets, and the other countries they affect. Explaining economic sanctions' high failure rate therefore constitutes a vital endeavor for academics and policy-makers alike. This book seeks to provide an explanation, and reveals that the primary cause of this failure is third-party spoilers, or sanctions busters, who undercut sanctioning efforts by providing their targets with extensive foreign aid or sanctions-busting trade. In quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing over 60 years of U.S. economic sanctions, Bryan Early reveals that both types of third-party sanctions busters have played a major role in undermining U.S. economic sanctions. Surprisingly, his analysis also reveals that the United States' closest allies are often its sanctions' worst enemies. The book offers the first comprehensive explanation for why different types of sanctions busting occur and reveals the devastating effects it has on economic sanctions' chances of success. -- Publisher description.

ECONOMIC SANCTIONS, AMERICAN --- Economic sanctions, American. --- Economic sanctions. --- Economic sanctions --- Sanctions, Economic --- Economic policy --- Sanctions (International law) --- International economic relations --- American economic sanctions --- Law and legislation --- United States --- Foreign economic relations. --- Foreign relations administration. --- #SBIB:33H071 --- #SBIB:327H15 --- #SBIB:328H31 --- Economische internationale betrekkingen --- Buitenlandse politiek: Noord-Amerika --- Instellingen en beleid: VSA / USA --- United States -- Foreign economic relations. --- United States -- Foreign relations administration. --- Economic sanctions, American --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- International Commerce --- E-books --- Økonomiske sanktioner --- Udenrigspolitik --- Sikkerhedspolitik