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Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a multi-factorial progressive optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell degeneration and progressive visual field loss which, if left untreated, may lead to blindness. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered to be the main risk factor for developing POAG, and its reduction has been shown to correlate with a decrease in glaucoma incidence and progression. Considering that fewer than 10% of the subjects with ocular hypertension (OHT) will develop morphological and/or functional glaucomatous damage within 5 years if not treated, glaucoma causes and molecular changes leading to ocular tissue damage in glaucoma are still largely unknown. The contemporary treatment of POAG is mainly oriented towards reducing IOP; the importance of the IOP reduction in other types of glaucoma, such as the “normal pressure glaucoma”, is still discussed. The IOP value is maintained by balancing the amount of fluid contained within the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye; our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the secretion and active and passive outflow of the aqueous humor is extremely important for improving the treatment of glaucoma. Innovative pharmacological approaches, and laser and surgical procedures aiming to reduce IOP, have been developed in recent years. This book provides a compendium of topics regarding IOP, aqueous humor dynamics, tonometry, and medical and surgical techniques developed to reduce the IOP in subjects with ocular hypertension or glaucoma.

Medicine --- intraocular pressure --- serum calcium --- female --- ab interno trabeculotomy --- glaucoma --- incision in the Schlemm's canal in degrees --- post-surgical complication --- neuroretinal rim reversal --- Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width --- trabeculectomy --- refractive error --- neuroretina --- myopia --- intraocular pressure (IOP) --- tonometry --- Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) --- central corneal thickness (CCT) --- ocular hypertension --- higher-order aberrations --- Kahook Dual Blade --- age --- central corneal thickness --- Goldmann Applanation tonometer --- non-contact tonometer --- rebound tonometer --- iCare --- open angle glaucoma (OAG) --- Schlemm's canal viscodilation --- OMNI viscosurgical system --- minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) --- trabeculotomy --- cataract extraction --- aqueous humor --- GDF15 --- serum --- intravitreal injection --- anti-VEGF agents --- trabecular meshwork --- Matrigel --- 3D culture --- outflow --- cytoskeleton --- rho-kinase inhibitor --- prostaglandin analog --- childhood glaucoma --- aphakia --- pseudophakia --- cataract surgery --- lensectomy --- management (or therapy) --- glaucoma drainage device --- cyclodestruction --- corneal biomechanics --- ocular response analyzer --- ORA --- corneal hysteresis --- non-penetrating deep sclerectomy --- Esnoper V-2000 implant --- glucocorticoids --- safety profile --- intranasal administration --- inhaled administration --- systemic administration --- steroid response --- canaloplasty --- non-perforating surgical procedures --- pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) --- Schlemm's canal --- phase-sensitive optical coherent tomography --- pulsatile motion --- IOP fluctuation --- primary open-angle glaucoma --- intraocular pressure measurement --- iCare tonometry --- Perkins tonometry --- standardized anaesthesia --- corneal thickness --- progression --- risk stratification --- XEN GelStent --- corneal resistance factor --- open-angle glaucoma --- laser treatment --- dropless treatment --- thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy --- extraocular muscle --- magnetic resonance imaging --- T2 relaxation time --- intraocular pressure --- serum calcium --- female --- ab interno trabeculotomy --- glaucoma --- incision in the Schlemm's canal in degrees --- post-surgical complication --- neuroretinal rim reversal --- Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width --- trabeculectomy --- refractive error --- neuroretina --- myopia --- intraocular pressure (IOP) --- tonometry --- Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) --- central corneal thickness (CCT) --- ocular hypertension --- higher-order aberrations --- Kahook Dual Blade --- age --- central corneal thickness --- Goldmann Applanation tonometer --- non-contact tonometer --- rebound tonometer --- iCare --- open angle glaucoma (OAG) --- Schlemm's canal viscodilation --- OMNI viscosurgical system --- minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) --- trabeculotomy --- cataract extraction --- aqueous humor --- GDF15 --- serum --- intravitreal injection --- anti-VEGF agents --- trabecular meshwork --- Matrigel --- 3D culture --- outflow --- cytoskeleton --- rho-kinase inhibitor --- prostaglandin analog --- childhood glaucoma --- aphakia --- pseudophakia --- cataract surgery --- lensectomy --- management (or therapy) --- glaucoma drainage device --- cyclodestruction --- corneal biomechanics --- ocular response analyzer --- ORA --- corneal hysteresis --- non-penetrating deep sclerectomy --- Esnoper V-2000 implant --- glucocorticoids --- safety profile --- intranasal administration --- inhaled administration --- systemic administration --- steroid response --- canaloplasty --- non-perforating surgical procedures --- pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) --- Schlemm's canal --- phase-sensitive optical coherent tomography --- pulsatile motion --- IOP fluctuation --- primary open-angle glaucoma --- intraocular pressure measurement --- iCare tonometry --- Perkins tonometry --- standardized anaesthesia --- corneal thickness --- progression --- risk stratification --- XEN GelStent --- corneal resistance factor --- open-angle glaucoma --- laser treatment --- dropless treatment --- thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy --- extraocular muscle --- magnetic resonance imaging --- T2 relaxation time

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In this work, Richard E. Mshomba offers an in-depth analysis of economic integration in Africa with a focus on the East African Community (EAC), arguably the most ambitious of all the regional economic blocs currently in existence in Africa. Economic Integration in Africa provides more than just an overview of regional economic blocs in Africa; it also offers a rich historical discussion on the birth and death of the first EAC starting with the onset of colonialism in the 1890s, and a systematic analysis of the birth, growth, and aspirations of the current EAC. Those objectives include forming a monetary union and eventually an East African political federation. This book also examines the African Union's aspirations for continent-wide integration as envisioned by the Abuja Treaty. Mshomba carefully argues that maturity of democracy and good governance in each country are prerequisites for the formation of a viable and sustainable East African federation and genuine continent-wide integration.

Africa --- economic region --- economic growth --- East African Community --- economic integration --- history --- contemporary history --- monetary union --- Federal government --- História --- ιστορία --- storja --- histori --- historie --- historia --- história --- история --- stair --- geschiedenis --- történettudomány --- povijest --- zgodovina --- histoire --- историја --- Geschichtswissenschaft --- storia --- istorija --- ajalugu --- vēsture --- istorie --- Geschichte --- historiografie --- storiografia --- dějiny národů --- historiador --- dějepis --- historická věda --- történelem --- ekonomická integrace --- majandusintegratsioon --- integración económica --- ekonomska integracija --- wirtschaftliche Integration --- lánpháirtíocht eacnamaíoch --- економска интеграција --- ekonominė integracija --- integração económica --- hospodárska integrácia --- gazdasági integráció --- economische integratie --- integrim ekonomik --- integrazione economica --- integrare economică --- økonomisk integration --- integrazzjoni ekonomika --- taloudellinen yhdentyminen --- intégration économique --- ekonomikas integrācija --- integracja gospodarcza --- οικονομική ολοκλήρωση --- икономическа интеграция --- gospodarsko povezovanje --- ekonomisk integration --- економско интегрирање --- sjednocovací postupy --- sjednocovací procesy --- hospodářská integrace --- začlenění do společné ekonomiky --- gospodarska integracija --- Istočnoafrička zajednica --- Ida-Aafrika Ühendus --- Κοινότητα Ανατολικής Αφρικής --- Det Østafrikanske Fællesskab --- Источноафричка заједница --- Comunitatea Africii Orientale --- Communauté d'Afrique de l'Est --- CAO --- Kelet-afrikai Közösség --- Austrumāfrikas Kopiena --- Comunidad del África Oriental --- Oost-Afrikaanse Gemeenschap --- Wspólnota Wschodnioafrykańska --- Východoafrické spoločenstvo --- Comunità dell'Africa orientale --- Il-Komunità ta’ l-Afrika tal-Lvant --- Comunidade da África Oriental --- Östafrikanska gemenskapen --- Komuniteti Afrikano-Lindor --- Источноафриканска заедница --- Ostafrikanische Gemeinschaft --- Itä-Afrikan yhteisö --- Източноафриканска общност --- Vzhodnoafriška skupnost --- Rytų Afrikos bendrija --- Východoafrické společenství --- Comunitatea Africii de Est --- ØAF --- RAB --- Comunitatea Est-Africană --- ÖAG --- ИАЗ --- EAC --- Communauté économique de l'Afrique de l'Est --- KAL --- CAE --- EAC (Východoafrické společenství) --- ЕАЦ --- Comunidad de África del Este --- Communauté est-africaine --- KAA --- ИАО --- Gemeenschap van Oost-Afrika --- EAC (Východoafrické spoločenstvo) --- CEAE --- OAG --- Společenství východní Afriky --- Communauté de l'Afrique orientale --- Wirtschaftswachstum --- ekonomisk tillväxt --- ūkio augimas --- gospodarska rast --- crescimento económico --- taloudellinen kasvu --- wzrost gospodarczy --- hospodářský růst --- majanduskasv --- croissance économique --- tkabbir ekonomiku --- rritje ekonomike --- economische groei --- creștere economică --- crescita economica --- икономически растеж --- привредни раст --- fás eacnamaíoch --- hospodársky rast --- crecimiento económico --- ekonomski rast --- økonomisk vækst --- економски раст --- ekonomikas pieaugums --- οικονομική μεγέθυνση --- gazdasági növekedés --- vækstrate --- zero growth --- miera rastu --- expansiune economică --- prieaugis --- pieauguma temps --- creștere zero --- nulový rast --- boom economico --- нулти раст --- crecimiento cero --- espansione economica --- talouden laajentuminen --- növekedés üteme --- nullkasv --- nulvækst --- kasvuvauhti --- ekonomisk expansion --- οικονομική επέκταση --- nulgroei --- nollakasvu --- nulti rast --- Nullwachstum --- ritmo de crecimiento --- növekedés mértéke --- μηδενική μεγέθυνση --- hospodársky vzostup --- tillväxttakt --- ρυθμός οικονομικής μεγέθυνσης --- kasvumäär --- nulles pieaugums --- míra hospodářského růstu --- nolltillväxt --- taxa de crescimento --- ekonomický růst --- nulinis augimas --- growth rate --- crescita zero --- gospodarski rast --- економска експанзија --- expansão económica --- stopa rasta --- økonomisk ekspansion --- rată de creștere economică --- croissance zéro --- majanduse laienemine --- expansion économique --- tasa de crecimiento --- zgjerim ekonomik --- economische expansie --- ekonomická expanze --- rritje zero --- augimo norma --- taux de croissance --- economic expansion --- nulový růst --- crescimento zero --- Wachstumsrate --- οικονομική αύξηση --- Wirtschaftsexpansion --- tasso di crescita --- zéró növekedés --- стапка на раст --- région économique --- rajon ekonomik --- regiune economică --- ekonomisk region --- икономически регион --- hospodársky región --- economisch gebied --- привредна област --- reġjun ekonomiku --- οικονομική περιφέρεια --- økonomisk region --- gazdasági régió --- Wirtschaftsraum --- ekonominis regionas --- región económica --- region gospodarczy --- ekonomska regija --- regione economica --- talousalue --- hospodářská oblast --- ekonomiskais reģions --- região económica --- gospodarska regija --- majanduspiirkond --- економски регион --- gospodarsko područje --- οικονομική ζώνη --- hospodářské území --- hospodářský prostor --- area economica --- ekonominė sritis --- zona económica --- Wirtschaftszone --- økonomisk zone --- Wirtschaftsregion --- gazdasági térség --- ekonomiskā zona --- fushë ekonomike --- hospodářská zóna --- ekonomiskt område --- økonomisk område --- Wirtschaftsgebiet --- zonë ekonomike --- majandusregioon --- zonă economică --- majandustsoon --- економска зона --- hospodárska oblasť --- zona economica --- ekonominė zona --- espacio económico --- ekonomický region --- ekonomisk zon --- οικονομικός χώρος --- zone économique --- economische zone --- espaço económico --- espace économique --- ekonomiskais apgabals --- economic area --- ekonomické pásmo --- economic zone --- gazdasági övezet --- hospodárska zóna --- стопанска зона --- Aafrika --- Африка --- África --- Afrique --- Afrikka --- Afryka --- Afrika --- Āfrika --- Αφρική --- africké krajiny --- χώρες της Αφρικής --- африкански држави --- africké země --- país da África --- afrikanske lande --- Afrika országai --- African countries --- afrikanska länder --- vendet Afrikane --- país de África --- afričke zemlje --- paesi dell'Africa --- země Afriky --- Afrikas länder --- africké státy --- státy Afriky --- Afrikan maat --- afrikai országok --- Afrikos šalys --- pays africains --- paesi africani --- Aafrika riigid --- pays d'Afrique --- Länder Afrikas --- país africano --- Afrikaanse landen --- țări africane --- Afrikaans land --- afrikanische Länder --- afrikai államok --- αφρικανικές χώρες --- monetārā savienība --- монетарна унија --- monetaire unie --- měnová unie --- unjoni monetarja --- menová únia --- unione monetaria --- bashkim monetar --- rahaliit --- valutaunion --- паричен съюз --- monetær union --- união monetária --- monetáris unió --- union monétaire --- νομισματική ένωση --- rahaunioni --- unia walutowa --- monetarna unija --- aontas airgeadaíochta --- pinigų sąjunga --- uniune monetară --- Währungsunion --- unión monetaria --- unica zona monetaria --- suvremena povijest --- historia contemporánea --- samtidshistoria --- sodobna zgodovina --- Geschichte der Gegenwart --- istorie contemporană --- storia contemporanea --- hedendaagse geschiedenis --- soudobá historie --- nykyhistoria --- súčasné dejiny --- lähiajalugu --- šiuolaikinė istorija --- História Contemporânea --- samtidshistorie --- legújabb kori történelem --- σύγχρονη ιστορία --- histori bashkëkohore --- storja kontemporanja --- съвременна история --- jauno laiku vēsture --- histoire contemporaine --- historia współczesna --- современа историја --- савремена историја --- tegenwoordige tijd --- età contemporanea --- gegenwärtige Epoche --- современа епоха --- историја на новата ера --- nutidshistoria --- historie současnosti --- nykyaika --- σύγχρονη εποχή --- nutidshistorie --- современа ера --- Gegenwartsgeschichte --- σύγχρονα χρόνια --- nutid --- nieuwste geschiedenis --- epoka bashkëkohore --- jelenkor --- Idade Contemporânea --- актуелна историја --- âge contemporain --- contemporary era --- suvremena era --- Edad Contemporánea --- nüüdisaeg --- současná historie --- samtid --- époque contemporaine --- šiuolaikinė era --- Division of powers --- Federal-provincial relations --- Federal-state relations --- Federal systems --- Federalism --- Powers, Division of --- Provincial-federal relations --- State-federal relations --- Political science --- Central-local government relations --- Decentralization in government --- Law and legislation --- East African Community |x History. --- Africa, Eastern --- Africa, East --- Africa, British East --- British East Africa --- East Africa --- Eastern Africa --- Economic integration --- History. --- Economic integration. --- An Afraic --- E.A.C. --- Østafrikanske fellesskap --- Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki --- East African Common Services Organization --- East African Co-operation

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El autor hace un análisis de las competencias de la organización mundial y la organización regional en materia de paz y seguridad, la zona mas conflictiva y donde mayormente debe proyectarse la luz del orden, la claridad racional. De la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA), cabe esperar que rinda sus mejores frutos el día que deje de usurpar, como desgraciadamente lo ha hecho en el pasado, atribuciones privativas de las Naciones Unidas, para confinarse en la esfera de competencia que define su carácter de organismo regional. En la revisión que actualmente se realiza del Sistema Interamericano, para tornarlo lo más auténtico y funcional que sea posible, pueden contribuir, en la elucidación de tantas aporías, las reflexiones del jurista mexicano de estas páginas.

Organization of American States. --- OEA --- Organization of the American States --- Organización de los Estados Americanos --- Organização dos Estados Americanos --- Organisation des États américains --- Organizzazione degli stati americani --- Organisation der Amerikanischen Staaten --- OAS --- O.E.A. --- O.A.S. --- Organización de Estados Americanos --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ amerikanskikh gosudarstv --- OAG --- Union of American Republics --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Security (National & International) --- United Nations. --- United Nations --- America. --- UNO --- Naciones Unidas --- Nations Unies --- ONU --- Organisation des Nations Unies --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- OON --- Vereinigte Nationen --- Umot ha-meʼuḥadot --- Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych --- ONZ --- Forente nasjoner --- Forenede nationer --- FN --- Förenta nationerna --- Gaertʻianebuli erebi --- Organização das Nações Unidas --- PBB --- Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa --- Kokusai Rengō --- Kokuren --- ENSZ --- Egyesült Nemzetek Szövetsége --- Birleșmiș Milletler Teșkilâtı --- Birlăşmiş Millătăr Tăşkilatı --- Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti --- BMT --- YK --- Yhdistyneet kansakunnat --- OUN --- Organizacija Ujedinjenih Nacija --- UN --- NU --- Nazioni Unite --- OSN --- Organizace spojených národů --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttafiq --- Bangsa² Bersatu --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas --- Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon --- ÜRO --- Organismos tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Umoja wa Mataifa --- Vereinten Nationen --- Vereinte Nationen --- Hayʼat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- Verenigde Naties --- VN --- Organizația Națiunilor Unite --- Um --- Lien ho kuo --- OKB --- Organizata e Kombeve të Bashkuara --- Lian he guo --- U.N. --- Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- OĒE --- Hēnōmena Ethnē --- Organizácia Spojených Národov --- Sahaprachāchāt --- Națiunile Unite --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ na obedinenite nat︠s︡ii --- Organismos Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Manẓūmat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- AAN --- Arhanizatsyi︠a︡ Ab'i︠a︡dnanykh Natsyĭ --- Nações Unidas --- Orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Ob'i︠e︡dnanykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- O.Ē.E. --- ʻOngkān Sahaprachāchāt --- Sjuninejal Konob'laq --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Nėgdsėn U̇ndėstniĭ Baĭguullaga --- NUB --- Rāshṭrasaṃgha --- או״מ --- أمم المتحدة --- الأمم المتحدة --- سازمان ملل متحد --- 国際連合 --- 联合囯 --- 聯合國 --- United Nations Organization --- Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Liên Hợp Quó̂c --- LHQ --- Kula Samagga --- YūʼAṅʻnʻ --- 联合国 --- Организация на обединените нации --- Организация Объединённых Наций --- Organizat͡sii͡a amerikanskikh gosudarstv --- Arhanizatsyi͡a Ab'i͡adnanykh Natsy --- Hēnōmena Ethn --- Kokusai Reng --- Organizace spojených národ --- Organizat͡sii͡a na obedinenite nat͡sii --- Organizat͡sii͡a Obʺedinennykh Nat͡si --- Orhanizat͡sii͡a Ob'i͡ednanykh Nat͡si --- Americas --- New World --- Western Hemisphere --- Warfare & defence --- Arhanizatsy�i�a Ab'�i�adnanykh Natsy�i --- Bangsa p2 s Bersatu --- Birl�a�smi�s Mill�at�ar T�a�skilat� --- Birle�smi�s Milletler Te�skil�at� --- Egyes�ult Nemzetek Sz�ovets�ege --- F�orenta nationerna --- Gaert�ianebuli erebi --- Hay�at al-Umam al-Mutta�hidah --- H�en�omena Ethn�e --- Kokusai Reng�o --- Li�en Hi��ep Qu��oc --- Li�en H�p Qu��oc --- Man�z�umat al-Umam al-Mutta�hidah --- Milal-i Mutta�hid --- Na�c�oes Unidas --- Na�tiunile Unite --- N�egds�en �Und�estni�i Ba�iguullaga --- N�UB --- O.�E.E. --- O�EE --- �Ongk�an Sahaprach�ach�at --- Organismos H�en�omen�on Ethn�on --- Organismos t�on H�en�omen�on Ethn�on --- Organiza�c�ao das Na�c�oes Unidas --- Organizace spojen�ych n�arod�u --- Organiz�acia Spojen�ych N�arodov --- Organizaci�on de las Naciones Unidas --- Organizacja Narod�ow Zjednoczonych --- Organizata e Kombeve t�e Bashkuara --- Organiza�tia Na�tiunilor Unite --- Organiza�t�si�i�a na obedinenite na�t�sii --- Organiza�t�si�i�a Ob�edinennykh Na�t�si�i --- Orhaniza�t�si�i�a Ob'�i�ednanykh Na�t�si�i --- R�ash�trasa�mgha --- Sahaprach�ach�at --- S�azm�an-i Milal-i Muttafiq --- S�azm�an-i Milal-i Mutta�hid --- �Uhinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon --- Umam al-Mutta�hidah --- Umot ha-me�u�hadot --- �URO --- Y�u�A�n�n� --- Arhanizatsyi͡a Ab'i͡adnanykh Natsyĭ --- NU̇B --- Organizat͡sii͡a Obʺedinennykh Nat͡siĭ --- Orhanizat͡sii͡a Ob'i͡ednanykh Nat͡siĭ