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This book examines central themes in the thought of Rabbi Hasdai Crescas (c. 1340-1410/11), the great Catalan Jewish philosopher who contributed to the revolution of modern science and profoundly influenced Spinoza. Part I treats of Crescas' radical critique of the Aristotelian concepts of space, time, and the vacuum, and analyzes his vision of an infinite universe; it discusses his criticisms of Maimonides' proofs of God, and expounds his own proof; and it concludes with a discussion of his concept of God as infinite Love. Part II contains three essays on Crescas' strictly deterministic theory of human choice.
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Jewish philosophy. --- Crescas, Hasdai ben Abraham, --- Aristotle.
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Jewish philosophy --- Philosophy, Arab --- Philosophie juive --- Philosophie arabe --- Chasdai ben Abraham Crescas, --- Aristotle.
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Islamic philosophy --- Jewish philosophy --- Aristotle. --- Crescas, Hasdai ben Abraham, --- Jewish philosophy.
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God (Judaism) --- God --- Jewish philosophy --- Philosophy, Medieval --- Proof --- History of doctrines --- Crescas, Ḥasdai,
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The tension between reason and revelation has occupied Jewish philosophers for centuries, who were committed, on the one hand, to defending Judaism, and, on the other hand, to remaining loyal to philosophical principles. Maimonides is considered the most prominent Jewish religious philosopher, whose aim was to reconcile philosophy, in particular Aristotelian philosophy, with the fundamental principles of Judaism. But many other Jewish thinkers, before and after him, also struggled with this task, raising the question whether it is possible to attain this reconciliation. The connection between philosophy and religion was often not an obvious one. As a consequence, it could serve in some cases as grounds for supporting Maimonides' project, while in others it could lead to rejection.Scepticism and Anti septicism in Medieval Jewish Thought focuses on sceptical questions, methods, strategies, and approaches raised by Jewish thinkers in the Middle Ages. In a series of lectures, we examine the variety of attitudes presented by these thinkers, as well as the latest readings of contemporary scholars concerning those attitudes.
Crescas. --- Judah ha-Levi. --- Maimonides. --- Mittelalter. --- Skeptizismus. --- Crescas. --- Jewish Averroism. --- Scepticism in the Middle Ages. --- Skeptizismus --- Jüdische Philosophie --- RELIGION / Judaism / History. --- Judentum --- Philosophie --- Östliche Philosophie --- Skepsis --- Skeptik --- Erkenntnistheorie --- Skeptiker --- Östliche Philosophie --- Jüdische Philosophie.
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Le livre de Marc Tobiass et Maurice Ifergan met en lumière l'importance de Hasdaï Crescas (1340 - 1410) dans l'histoire de la philosophie juive. Il présente la figure de Crescas comme dirigeant politique, autorité spirituelle et penseur théologico-philosophique. L'ouvrage situe l'œuvre dans le contexte dramatique de l'Espagne des XIVe-XVe siècles : en 1391 une vague de massacres et de persécutions dans toute la Castille peut être considérée comme les « prémices de l'expulsion » de 1492. Crescas entreprend la rédaction de son ouvrage majeur « Or Adonaï » afin de lutter contre les menaces qui pèsent sur le judaïsme et d'en restaurer les fondements. Il place le débat sur le terrain politique, montrant qu'il est urgent de reconstruire les communautés juives et de lutter contre les mirages du christianisme ou les pièges de la conversion. Mais c'est surtout sur le plan de la réflexion philosophique que Crescas porte son défi. Il entreprend une critique d'Aristote et de l'intellectualisme métaphysique de Maïmonide, mettant en garde contre les séductions des philosophies grecque et chrétienne. Dans cette « défense et illustration » du judaïsme, il réaffirme les fondements de la foi juive traditionnelle. Une des originalités du livre de M. Tobiass et M. Ifergan tient à la méthode employée : plutôt que de présenter un traité systématique concernant la doctrine de Crescas, les auteurs ont préféré « interroger » quelques grands maîtres qui se sont intéressés à l'œuvre de Crescas (Y. Baer, J. M. Millas Vallicrosa, H. A. Wolfson, J. Guttmann, E. Renan). Ils abordent les idées de Crescas sous la forme d'échanges imaginaires, de dialogues vivants et d'entretiens fictifs ou réels, fondés sur les œuvres de leurs interlocuteurs. Au carrefour de l'histoire, de la théologie et de la philosophie, cet ouvrage est une introduction importante à la philosophie des juifs dans l'histoire.
Philosophy, Jewish --- Jewish philosophers --- Philosophy, Medieval --- History --- Crescas, Hasdaï --- Spain --- Philosophy, Jewish - Spain - History --- Jewish philosophers - Spain
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This work focuses on the conception of God of the medieval Jewish philosopher and legal scholar, Hasdai Crescas (1340-1410/11). It demonstrates that Crescas’ God is infinitely creative and good and explores the parallel that Crescas implicitly draws between God as creator and legislator, which is rooted in his understanding of the Deity as continuously involved in generative activity through the outpouring of goodness and love as manifest by multiple, simultaneous and successive worlds and a perpetually expanding Torah. It also reviews the Maimonidean background for Crescas’ position and suggests that Crescas is countering Maimonides’ stance that creation is limited to a single moment and Maimonides’ notion of the Torah as perfect and immutable.
Jewish law --- Jewish law. --- Study and teaching. --- Philosophy. --- Crescas, Ḥasdai, --- Abraham ben Moses ben Maimon, --- Bible. --- Criticism, interpretation, etc., Jewish.
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Ce livre offre les fruits de trente années d'enseignement et de recherches du Grand Rabbin Charles Touati. Il nous entraîne dans une traversée des différents niveaux de pensée (prophétie, commentaire talmudique, pensée philosophique) qui constituent le judaïsme ; c'est aussi un voyage dans le temps. Abordant avec maîtrise et aisance tel point du droit rabbinique ou de la halakha, l'auteur nous introduit, par exemple, dans les arcanes de la critique de Gersonide par Crescas. Il relève aussi, d'une manière inédite, les apories d'un Averroès ou d'un Spinoza. Ainsi, par l'exposé de points nodaux de l'histoire des textes et de la pensée, des traits caractéristiques se dégagent qui créent un aperçu suggestif du judaïsme.
Jewish philosophy --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- Rabbinical literature --- Jewish law. --- Philosophie juive --- Philosophie médiévale --- Littérature rabbinique --- Droit juif --- History and criticism. --- Histoire et critique --- Philosophy, Jewish. --- 296*6 --- Philosophy, Jewish --- Philosophy, Medieval --- -Jewish law --- Biblical law --- Civil law (Jewish law) --- Halacha --- Halakha --- Halakhah --- Hebrew law --- Jews --- Law, Hebrew --- Law, Jewish --- Law, Mosaic --- Law in the Bible --- Mosaic law --- Torah law --- Law, Semitic --- Commandments (Judaism) --- Hebrew literature --- Jewish literature --- Medieval philosophy --- Scholasticism --- Philosophy, Israeli --- Joodse theologie en filosofie--(algemeen) --- History and criticism --- Law --- Philosophy --- 296*6 Joodse theologie en filosofie--(algemeen) --- Philosophie médiévale --- Littérature rabbinique --- Moïse Maïmonide --- Crescas, Hasdai --- Talmud de Babylone --- Jewish law --- Droit juif. --- Philosophie juive. --- Histoire et critique. --- Rabbinical literature - History and criticism.
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