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Phytotherapy is probably the oldest form of medicine; however, it represents a new therapeutic tool for healthcare workers. Indeed plants are an infinite source of novel molecules, with countless possible combinations. This collection of articles (a Special Issue from Molecules) brings together the most up-to-date studies on the use of plant-derived compounds, ranging from their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects to the revision of the prominent literature.

natural products --- phenylpropanoids --- phenolic acids --- plants --- depression --- behavioral disorders --- forced swim test --- tail suspension test --- anti-cancer activities --- multifloroside --- 10-oxyderivatives of oleoside secoiridoids --- structure-activity relationship --- flow cytometry --- epigallocatechin-3-gallate --- EGCG --- catechin --- green tea --- cancer preventive --- pharmacological activities --- Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. --- carriers --- powders --- bioactive compounds --- functional food --- Ageratina havanensis --- flavonoids --- UPLC-ESI-MS/MS --- P-glycoprotein --- antioxidant potential --- nootkatone --- anti-inflammatory --- acute inflammation --- granuloma --- Pharbitis nil --- colorectal cancer --- KRAS --- muscle function --- juglone --- NLRP3 inflammasome --- caspase-1 --- IL-1β --- IL-18 --- plant secondary metabolites --- natural compounds --- biological activity --- phytochemistry --- pharmacological activity --- plant side effects --- Talisia esculenta --- Brosimum gaudichaudii --- Genipa americana --- Bromelia antiacantha --- RA-3 --- nephrotoxicity --- triterpene --- antioxidant --- hyperuricemia --- Hibiscus acetosella --- phenolic compound --- antibacterial --- UPLC --- Tabebuia impetiginosa --- Taheebo --- traditional uses --- immunopharmacology --- immunological disorders --- hesperidin --- new-clean process extraction --- nanocrystals --- anti-ageing --- zingerone --- lipopolysaccharide --- inflammation --- anti-oxidant --- cytokine storm --- procalcitonin --- histopathology --- doxorubicin --- Mahonia aquifolium --- matrix metalloproteinases --- cytotoxicity --- human lung adenocarcinoma --- n/a

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Antioxidative polyphenols represented by tannins and flavonoids are rich in numerous food sources and traditional natural medicines and currently attracting increased attention in health care and food industries because of their multiple biological activities that are favorable to human health. Commemorating the outstanding achievements on tannins by Dr. Takuo Okuda on the occasion of his passing away in December 2016, his colleagues, friends, and worldwide experts of polyphenol research have contributed 18 papers on their recent study to the Special Issue of Molecules. This book is its reprinted form. This covers reviews of structural features, historical usages, and biological activities of unique class of ellagitannins and condensed tannins, and original articles on the most up-to-date findings on the anticancer effect of green tea catechins, the antivirus effect of tannins comparing with the clinically used drugs, the analytical method of ellagitannins using quantitative NMR, the chemical structures of Hydrangea-blue complex (pigment) and condensed tannins in Ephedra sinica and purple prairie clover, and the relationship of condensed tannins in legumes and grape-marc with methane production in the in vitro ruminant system, and others. This book will be useful to natural product chemists and also to researchers in pharmaceutical and/or food industry.

Coreopsis lanceolata L. --- UV-Vis --- methanogenesis --- Lythraceae --- flavanone --- grape marc --- TDDFT --- Ephedra sinica --- macrocyclic oligomer --- triple-negative breast cancer --- antioxidant --- purple prairie clover --- chalcone --- neuraminidase --- fatty acid synthase --- (?)-epigallocatechin gallate --- epidermal growth factor --- NMR spectroscopy --- Aluminum ion --- Onagraceae --- Hydrangea macrophylla --- synthetic analogues --- blue color development --- amyloid-? peptide --- FTIR --- oseltamivir carboxylate --- quantitative NMR --- phloroglucinolysis --- thin layer chromatography --- European historic leathers --- FASN inhibition --- ECD --- colorimetric tests --- taxanes --- cynandione A --- conservation method --- 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid --- ellagitannin --- PC12 --- condensed tannin --- Trapa taiwanensis Nakai --- 1H-NMR --- Acacia --- (?)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate --- Geranium thunbergii --- condensed tannins --- immunomodulatory effect --- Acacia mearnsii bark --- Escherichia coli --- oligomer --- Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction --- lung tumor --- Aspergillus fumigates --- in vitro batch fermentation --- metal complex --- Myrtaceae --- Cynanchum auriculatum --- molecular interactions --- phenolic glycoside --- bamboo leaf extract --- stability --- Microsporum canis --- Cynanchum wilfordii --- thiolysis --- anti-inflammation --- hydrolysable tannin --- geraniin --- NGF --- polyphenol --- revision --- ESI-mass --- bioactivity --- antifungal activities --- interferon-? --- antitumor effect --- tannin composition --- oenothein B --- zanamivir --- 2-O-?-laminaribiosyl-4-hydroxyacetophenone --- anticancer activity --- proanthocyanidin --- vegetable tanning --- Dittrichia viscosa --- differentiation --- aurone --- antioxidants --- protein precipitation --- apoptosis --- polyphenolic FASN inhibitors --- forage legume --- biological activities --- ultrahigh-resolution negative mode MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry --- overlay method --- spectroscopy --- wattle tannin --- immune checkpoint --- hormesis --- 3-O-glucosyldelphinidin --- gallotannin --- proanthocyanidins --- fatty acids --- flavonol --- inhibition --- structure --- Candida spp. --- Malassezia spp. --- ORAC assay --- neuroprotection --- crystal structure --- tannins

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Recent years have seen the idea of a close association between nutrition and the modulation of cancer development/progression reinforced. An increasing amount of experimental and epidemiological evidence has been produced supporting the concept that many different bioactive components of food (e.g. polyphenols, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, methyl-group donors, etc.) may be implicated in either the promotion of or the protection against carcinogenesis. At the cellular level, such compounds can have an impact on different but sometimes intertwined processes, such as growth and differentiation, DNA repair, programmed cell death, and oxidative stress. In addition, compelling evidence is starting to build up of the existence of primary epigenetic targets of dietary compounds, such as oncogenic/oncosuppressor miRNAs or DNA-modifying enzymes, which in turn impair gene expression and function. Since there is a growing interest in the study of the biochemical and molecular role played by food components and its impact on cellular processes and/or gene expressions directed towards the fine-tuning of cancer phenotypes, in this Special Issue researchers contributed with either research or review articles presenting the latest findings on the intracellular pathways and mechanisms affected by natural bioactive dietary molecules.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- berberine --- signaling pathways --- oncogenic cascades --- TRAIL --- microRNAs --- cancer therapy --- colon cancer cells --- ethanol --- Nrf2 --- HO-1 --- ER stress --- autophagy --- MMPs --- formononetin --- cancer --- preclinical models --- cell signaling --- angiogenesis --- nobiletin --- colorectal cancer --- chemoprevention --- bioactivities --- experimental therapeutics --- HDAC --- multiple myeloma --- oleacein --- breast cancer --- persistent organic pollutants --- breast cancer risk --- breast cancer prognostic --- systematic review --- carrageenan --- invasion --- metastasis --- RacGAP1 --- radiotherapy --- marine sponge --- natural product --- anticancer drug --- oral cancer inhibition --- phytochemicals --- small organic agents --- Piper eriopodon, alkenylphenols --- human cancer cells --- cell death --- apoptosis --- caspase-independent cell death --- XIAP antagonists --- XIAP-BIR3 domain --- Calocedrus formosana --- lung cancer --- yatein --- cell-cycle arrest --- xenograft --- isorhamnetin --- G2/M arrest --- ROS --- AMPK --- pancreatic cancer --- epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) --- gemcitabine --- glycolysis --- phosphofructokinase --- natural polyphenols --- anticancer activities --- molecular mechanisms --- Streptomyces --- mangrove --- anti-proliferative --- colon cancer --- epithelial mesenchymal transition --- inflammation --- malignant cancer --- natural anti-inflammatory compounds --- pro-resolving lipids --- anticancer drugs --- flavonoids --- natural compounds --- Xenopus laevis --- AOM/DSS model --- melanoma cells --- nicotine --- α9-nAChR --- PD-L1 --- STAT3 --- gigantol --- AKT --- JAK/STAT --- cancer stem cell --- tumor maintenance --- tumor density --- proteomics --- honokiol --- anticancer --- mechanism --- signalling pathway --- uterine sarcoma --- fucoidan --- isobolography --- colchicine alkaloid --- mesoporous silica nanoparticles --- targeted delivery system --- PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor and cancer immunotherapy --- glucose transport --- drugs --- innate immunity --- β-glucans --- nutrition --- immunotherapy --- estrogen --- estrogen receptor alpha --- polyphenols --- daidzein --- daidzein metabolites --- paclitaxel --- breast cancer cells --- obesity --- renin-angiotensin system --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- adipocyte inflammation --- olive leaf extract --- oleuropein --- Seahorse analysis --- cancer metabolism --- glycolytic markers --- Malva pseudolavatera Webb &amp --- Berthel. --- acute myeloid leukemia --- reactive oxygen species --- brain cancer --- gliomas --- schwannomas --- malignant tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath (MPNST) --- neurofibromas --- bioavailability --- nanoparticle-based delivery systems --- natural bioactive compound --- gallic acid --- EGFR signaling --- p53 --- EGCG --- non-coding RNAs --- anti-cancer drug --- NSCLC --- EGFR TKI --- FASN inhibitors --- resistance --- berberine --- signaling pathways --- oncogenic cascades --- TRAIL --- microRNAs --- cancer therapy --- colon cancer cells --- ethanol --- Nrf2 --- HO-1 --- ER stress --- autophagy --- MMPs --- formononetin --- cancer --- preclinical models --- cell signaling --- angiogenesis --- nobiletin --- colorectal cancer --- chemoprevention --- bioactivities --- experimental therapeutics --- HDAC --- multiple myeloma --- oleacein --- breast cancer --- persistent organic pollutants --- breast cancer risk --- breast cancer prognostic --- systematic review --- carrageenan --- invasion --- metastasis --- RacGAP1 --- radiotherapy --- marine sponge --- natural product --- anticancer drug --- oral cancer inhibition --- phytochemicals --- small organic agents --- Piper eriopodon, alkenylphenols --- human cancer cells --- cell death --- apoptosis --- caspase-independent cell death --- XIAP antagonists --- XIAP-BIR3 domain --- Calocedrus formosana --- lung cancer --- yatein --- cell-cycle arrest --- xenograft --- isorhamnetin --- G2/M arrest --- ROS --- AMPK --- pancreatic cancer --- epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) --- gemcitabine --- glycolysis --- phosphofructokinase --- natural polyphenols --- anticancer activities --- molecular mechanisms --- Streptomyces --- mangrove --- anti-proliferative --- colon cancer --- epithelial mesenchymal transition --- inflammation --- malignant cancer --- natural anti-inflammatory compounds --- pro-resolving lipids --- anticancer drugs --- flavonoids --- natural compounds --- Xenopus laevis --- AOM/DSS model --- melanoma cells --- nicotine --- α9-nAChR --- PD-L1 --- STAT3 --- gigantol --- AKT --- JAK/STAT --- cancer stem cell --- tumor maintenance --- tumor density --- proteomics --- honokiol --- anticancer --- mechanism --- signalling pathway --- uterine sarcoma --- fucoidan --- isobolography --- colchicine alkaloid --- mesoporous silica nanoparticles --- targeted delivery system --- PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor and cancer immunotherapy --- glucose transport --- drugs --- innate immunity --- β-glucans --- nutrition --- immunotherapy --- estrogen --- estrogen receptor alpha --- polyphenols --- daidzein --- daidzein metabolites --- paclitaxel --- breast cancer cells --- obesity --- renin-angiotensin system --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- adipocyte inflammation --- olive leaf extract --- oleuropein --- Seahorse analysis --- cancer metabolism --- glycolytic markers --- Malva pseudolavatera Webb &amp --- Berthel. --- acute myeloid leukemia --- reactive oxygen species --- brain cancer --- gliomas --- schwannomas --- malignant tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath (MPNST) --- neurofibromas --- bioavailability --- nanoparticle-based delivery systems --- natural bioactive compound --- gallic acid --- EGFR signaling --- p53 --- EGCG --- non-coding RNAs --- anti-cancer drug --- NSCLC --- EGFR TKI --- FASN inhibitors --- resistance

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Medicinal plants are used to treat diseases and provide health benefits, and their applications are increasing around the world. A huge array of phytochemicals have been identified from medicinal plants, belonging to carotenoids, flavonoids, lignans, and phenolic acids, and so on, with a wide range of biological activities. In order to explore our knowledge of phytochemicals with the assistance of modern molecular tools and high-throughput technologies, this book collects recent innovative original research and review articles on subtopics of mechanistic insights into bioactivities, treatment of diseases, profiling, extraction and identification, and biotechnology.

Medicine --- network pharmacology --- traditional herbal medicine --- methodological trend --- polysaccharide fraction --- Trichoderma atroviride --- Salvia miltiorrhiza --- proteomics --- tanshinones --- Flos Chrysanthemi indici --- essential oil --- extraction method --- chemical composition --- biological activity --- Garcinia linii --- hypoglycemia --- benzopyran --- triterpene --- bioflavonoid --- phenolic --- in silico --- neurodegenerative diseases --- naringenin --- pharmacological targets --- signaling pathways --- molecular mechanisms --- drug delivery systems --- luteolin --- hyphenated techniques --- chromatography --- colorectal cancer --- diterpenes --- inflammatory bowel diseases --- Polyalthia longifolia --- herbal medicine --- DESs --- preparative-scale purification --- flavonoids --- 20-hydroxyecdysone --- Chenopodium quinoa --- Zinc oxide nanoparticles --- anticancer --- antileishmanial --- antimicrobial --- biocompatibility --- cancer --- apoptosis --- herbs --- cell lines --- in vivo --- quercetin --- polyphenols --- Alzheimer’s disease --- mechanistic insights --- clinical directions --- isodon genus --- ent-kaurane diterpenoids --- natural compounds --- pathways --- medicinal plants --- bioactive compounds --- 4-hydroxynonenal --- deleterious effects --- Asiatic acid --- nasopharyngeal cancer --- cisplatin resistance --- MAPK pathway --- Anthocyanin --- Solanum nigrum L. --- flavonoid biosynthesis --- AtPAP1 --- licochalcone D --- non-small cell lung cancer --- reactive oxygen species --- Acorus gramineusand --- Euodia ruticarpa --- pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines --- steam distillation essential oil --- Th1/Th2 cytokines --- lignans --- Trachelospermum asiaticum --- GNPS --- targeted isolation --- Rheum undulatum --- Glycyrriza uralensis --- hepatic encephalopathy --- MMP-9 --- neuroinflammation --- luteolin-7-O-glucoside --- oral cancer --- migration --- invasion --- MMP-2 --- Astragalus mongholicus --- ultraviolet-B radiation --- phenolics --- untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry --- targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry --- Bacopa monnieri --- cheminformatics --- neurological diseases --- spinocerebellar ataxia --- system pharmacology --- (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) --- bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) --- catethin --- fracture healing --- local use --- cardiovascular diseases --- inflammation --- lipid metabolism --- non-coding RNA --- oxidative stress --- phenolic compounds --- Peucedanum ostruthium --- Apiaceae --- ELINA --- HetCA, STOCSY --- coumarines --- NF-ĸB --- VCAM-1 --- E-selectin --- Withaferin A --- matrix metalloproteinases --- antioxidant signaling --- Curcuma aromatica --- sesquiterpene --- anti-inflammatory --- luciferase assay --- cytotoxicity --- n/a --- Alzheimer's disease

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Recent years have seen the idea of a close association between nutrition and the modulation of cancer development/progression reinforced. An increasing amount of experimental and epidemiological evidence has been produced supporting the concept that many different bioactive components of food (e.g. polyphenols, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, methyl-group donors, etc.) may be implicated in either the promotion of or the protection against carcinogenesis. At the cellular level, such compounds can have an impact on different but sometimes intertwined processes, such as growth and differentiation, DNA repair, programmed cell death, and oxidative stress. In addition, compelling evidence is starting to build up of the existence of primary epigenetic targets of dietary compounds, such as oncogenic/oncosuppressor miRNAs or DNA-modifying enzymes, which in turn impair gene expression and function. Since there is a growing interest in the study of the biochemical and molecular role played by food components and its impact on cellular processes and/or gene expressions directed towards the fine-tuning of cancer phenotypes, in this Special Issue researchers contributed with either research or review articles presenting the latest findings on the intracellular pathways and mechanisms affected by natural bioactive dietary molecules.

berberine --- signaling pathways --- oncogenic cascades --- TRAIL --- microRNAs --- cancer therapy --- colon cancer cells --- ethanol --- Nrf2 --- HO-1 --- ER stress --- autophagy --- MMPs --- formononetin --- cancer --- preclinical models --- cell signaling --- angiogenesis --- nobiletin --- colorectal cancer --- chemoprevention --- bioactivities --- experimental therapeutics --- HDAC --- multiple myeloma --- oleacein --- breast cancer --- persistent organic pollutants --- breast cancer risk --- breast cancer prognostic --- systematic review --- carrageenan --- invasion --- metastasis --- RacGAP1 --- radiotherapy --- marine sponge --- natural product --- anticancer drug --- oral cancer inhibition --- phytochemicals --- small organic agents --- Piper eriopodon, alkenylphenols --- human cancer cells --- cell death --- apoptosis --- caspase-independent cell death --- XIAP antagonists --- XIAP-BIR3 domain --- Calocedrus formosana --- lung cancer --- yatein --- cell-cycle arrest --- xenograft --- isorhamnetin --- G2/M arrest --- ROS --- AMPK --- pancreatic cancer --- epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) --- gemcitabine --- glycolysis --- phosphofructokinase --- natural polyphenols --- anticancer activities --- molecular mechanisms --- Streptomyces --- mangrove --- anti-proliferative --- colon cancer --- epithelial mesenchymal transition --- inflammation --- malignant cancer --- natural anti-inflammatory compounds --- pro-resolving lipids --- anticancer drugs --- flavonoids --- natural compounds --- Xenopus laevis --- AOM/DSS model --- melanoma cells --- nicotine --- α9-nAChR --- PD-L1 --- STAT3 --- gigantol --- AKT --- JAK/STAT --- cancer stem cell --- tumor maintenance --- tumor density --- proteomics --- honokiol --- anticancer --- mechanism --- signalling pathway --- uterine sarcoma --- fucoidan --- isobolography --- colchicine alkaloid --- mesoporous silica nanoparticles --- targeted delivery system --- PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor and cancer immunotherapy --- glucose transport --- drugs --- innate immunity --- β-glucans --- nutrition --- immunotherapy --- estrogen --- estrogen receptor alpha --- polyphenols --- daidzein --- daidzein metabolites --- paclitaxel --- breast cancer cells --- obesity --- renin–angiotensin system --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- adipocyte inflammation --- olive leaf extract --- oleuropein --- Seahorse analysis --- cancer metabolism --- glycolytic markers --- Malva pseudolavatera Webb &amp --- Berthel. --- acute myeloid leukemia --- reactive oxygen species --- brain cancer --- gliomas --- schwannomas --- malignant tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath (MPNST) --- neurofibromas --- bioavailability --- nanoparticle-based delivery systems --- natural bioactive compound --- gallic acid --- EGFR signaling --- p53 --- EGCG --- non-coding RNAs --- anti-cancer drug --- NSCLC --- EGFR TKI --- FASN inhibitors --- resistance --- n/a --- renin-angiotensin system