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Zonder onderwerpscode: economie

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This document provides a full description of the GREEN model. It is intended to accompany the GREEN code, i.e. the implementation of the model, and to enable the user to understand the links between the theoretical framework of the model and its practical implementation. The document lists all the model equations, provides a data dictionary to link the equation variables with the variables in the code, explains details which are traditionally bypassed in technical papers, and provides an explanation of the data base and the data management part of the code. The document is organised as follows. Following a non-technical overview of the model in Part I, Part II presents the structure of the model with a complete description of the equations, the variables, and parameters which are part of the GREEN model. Part III explains the data management in GREEN ...

Economics

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Foreign trade policy

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The Rural/Urban-North/South Model (RUNS) is a global applied general equilibrium model, with a focus on agriculture. RUNS was initially developed in the early 1980's and has been used throughout the 1980's to provide analyses of world agricultural trends and agricultural policies. Amongst other things, RUNS was used to provide background analyses for several World Bank World Development Reports. RUNS is now integrated into the Development Centre's 1990-1992 programme on Developing Country Agriculture and International Economic Trends, under the direction of Ian Goldin. This paper provides an updated full technical specification of the RUNS model. It replaces and revises Technical Paper 33 which documented the model structure as of December 1990. Parts I and II of the paper provide an introduction and a general description of the model and is intended for a broad audience. Part III provides a detailed description of each block of the RUNS model, including a full set of model ...

Development

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China's Belt and Road Initiative aims to improve connectivity between China and more than 70 countries through infrastructure investment and regional cooperation. The initiative has the potential to accelerate significantly the rate of economic integration and development in the region, as trade costs decline. The goals of this paper are to (i) study the impacts of infrastructure improvements on Belt and Road Initiative and non-Belt and Road Initiative countries' trade flows, growth, and poverty; and (ii) suggest policies that would help maximize gains from the Belt and Road Initiative-induced trade cost declines. The analysis captures the trade costs reductions as a result of infrastructure improvements. The findings indicate that the Belt and Road Initiative would be largely beneficial. First, global income increases by 0.7 percent (in 2030 relative to the baseline). This translates into almost half a trillion dollars in 2014 prices and market exchange rates. The Belt and Road Initiative area captures 82 percent of the gain, with the largest percent gains in East Asia. Second, globally, the Belt and Road Initiative could contribute to lifting 8.7 million people from extreme poverty and 34 million from moderate poverty. Third, the initiative would lead to a modest increase in global carbon dioxide emissions, with a complex set of positive and negative outcomes at the national level for other types of emissions.

Belt And Road Initiative --- Computable General Equilibrium --- Emissions --- Environment And Trade --- Infrastructure --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Poverty --- Transport