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The situation of the Aral Sea is known as one of the worst man-made environmental crises of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Many have seen the satellite photos evidencing the startling shrinkage and deterioration of the sea, as it was a few decades ago and how it appears today. Whereas the Aral Sea was the world’s fourth-largest inland body of water in 1960, it has now shrunk to a small fraction of that within three increasingly saline and polluted parts, primarily due to the diversion of waters for agricultural irrigation. The Aral Sea Encyclopedia is devoted to the remarkable phenomenon of the possibility of Aral Sea’s imminent disappearance from the Earth in the time span of a single human generation. It first describes the sea before it started drying-out, and then the actions and efforts of the Central Asian countries, as well as the international community, to mitigate the socioeconomic and environmental hazards caused by this desiccation and increasing salinity. This comprehensive reference not only addresses the key environmental issues and presents national and international programs. It also documents the history of the related research studies, the involvement of prominent historical figures, and the chronology of events over three centuries, which became the milestones in the economic development of the Aral Sea and its subsequent diminution. The publication of the Aral Sea Encyclopedia initiates a group of similar valuable references that gather multi-disciplinary perspectives on the world's seas, including planned volumes on the Caspian and Black Seas and the Sea of Japan.
Aral Sea (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan) -- Encyclopedias. --- Marine resources conservation -- Aral Sea (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan) -- Encyclopedias. --- Marine resources conservation --- Marine Science --- Geology - General --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Geology --- Seas --- Aral Sea (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan) --- Aral Sea (Uzbek S.S.R. and Kazakh S.S.R.) --- Aral Sea (Uzbekistan and Kazakstan) --- Aralʹskoe more (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan) --- Aralskoe Sea (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan) --- Lake Aral (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan) --- Earth sciences. --- Historical geology. --- Regional planning. --- Urban planning. --- Physical geography. --- Ecology. --- Geoecology. --- Environmental geology. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Earth Sciences. --- Historical Geology. --- Physical Geography. --- Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning. --- Geoecology/Natural Processes. --- Geology. --- Environmental toxicology. --- Ecotoxicology --- Pollutants --- Pollution --- Environmental health --- Toxicology --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Regional development --- Regional planning --- State planning --- Human settlements --- Land use --- Planning --- City planning --- Landscape protection --- Geography --- Ecology --- Government policy --- Ecology . --- Geoecology --- Environmental protection --- Physical geology --- Cities and towns --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Management --- Aralsee.
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"Over recent decades, the Arctic has been the focus of attention of many countries around the world. The region is not yet fully explored, but is believed to have plentiful natural mineral resources. This is particularly true for hydrocarbons, which are estimated to account for a quarter of the world's reserves. Natural and climatic transformations, caused by global warming and the accelerated melting of Arctic ice, have led to the extension of the navigation season of the Northern Sea Route. Interest in Arctic oil and gas fields is growing due to the depletion of traditional onshore hydrocarbon deposits, rising prices and increased consumption. Despite the challenging conditions of hydrocarbon production in the Arctic, rapid development is expected in this region as main oil fields in Russia deplete. This has intensified the negotiation process and defined the international legal regime in the Arctic. This book explores the future of the Arctic, including geographical changes resulting from climate change, the region's deposit of hydrocarbon resources, the Arctic's international legal status, the state of scientific research in the Arctic, and more"--
Geopolitics --- Natural resources --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Arctic regions --- International status. --- Environmental conditions.
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The situation of the Aral Sea is known as one of the worst man-made environmental crises of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Many have seen the satellite photos evidencing the startling shrinkage and deterioration of the sea, as it was a few decades ago and how it appears today. Whereas the Aral Sea was the world's fourth-largest inland body of water in 1960, it has now shrunk to a small fraction of that within three increasingly saline and polluted parts, primarily due to the diversion of waters for agricultural irrigation. The Aral Sea Encyclopedia is devoted to the remarkable phenomenon of the possibility of Aral Sea's imminent disappearance from the Earth in the time span of a single human generation. It first describes the sea before it started drying-out, and then the actions and efforts of the Central Asian countries, as well as the international community, to mitigate the socioeconomic and environmental hazards caused by this desiccation and increasing salinity. This comprehensive reference not only addresses the key environmental issues and presents national and international programs. It also documents the history of the related research studies, the involvement of prominent historical figures, and the chronology of events over three centuries, which became the milestones in the economic development of the Aral Sea and its subsequent diminution. The publication of the Aral Sea Encyclopedia initiates a group of similar valuable references that gather multi-disciplinary perspectives on the world's seas, including planned volumes on the Caspian and Black Seas and the Sea of Japan.
ecotoxicologie --- General ecology and biosociology --- Toxicology --- Physical geography --- ecologie --- ruimtelijke ordening --- Environmental planning --- geologie --- fysische geografie --- Geology. Earth sciences
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