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" An authoritative treatment of urban computing, offering an overview of the field, fundamental techniques, advanced models, and novel applications. Urban computing brings powerful computational techniques to bear on such urban challenges as pollution, energy consumption, and traffic congestion. Using today's large-scale computing infrastructure and data gathered from sensing technologies, urban computing combines computer science with urban planning, transportation, environmental science, sociology, and other areas of urban studies, tackling specific problems with concrete methodologies in a data-centric computing framework. This authoritative treatment of urban computing offers an overview of the field, fundamental techniques, advanced models, and novel applications. Each chapter acts as a tutorial that introduces readers to an important aspect of urban computing, with references to relevant research. The book outlines key concepts, sources of data, and typical applications; describes four paradigms of urban sensing in sensor-centric and human-centric categories; introduces data management for spatial and spatio-temporal data, from basic indexing and retrieval algorithms to cloud computing platforms; and covers beginning and advanced topics in mining knowledge from urban big data, beginning with fundamental data mining algorithms and progressing to advanced machine learning techniques. Urban Computing provides students, researchers, and application developers with an essential handbook to an evolving interdisciplinary field." [Publisher]

Information systems --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Environmental planning --- Economic geography --- urban planning --- data modeling --- Smart cities. --- Municipal engineering --- Municipal services --- Cities and towns --- Big data. --- Villes intelligentes --- Génie urbain --- Services municipaux --- Urbanisme --- Données massives --- Data processing. --- Technological innovations. --- Informatique --- Innovations technologiques --- Informatique. --- Innovations technologiques. --- technologische innovatie --- Génie urbain --- Données massives

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Personnel management --- China

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Cyclodextrin Chemistry covers the preparation of cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin derivatives (CDs), and their applications in industrial and non-industrial areas. An overall theme in the book is the screening of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase), the preparation of sugar-branched cyclodextrins and CDs, and the use of CDs for reconstructing various supermolecule systems. The specific content also includes preparation methods, spectroscopy techniques for CDs analysis, and potential applications in food packaging, nutrient fortification, medicine, cosmetics, textiles, chemicals, feed, agri

Cyclodextrins. --- Chemistry. --- Physical sciences --- Cycloamylose --- Cycloglucans --- Cycloheptaamylose --- Schardinger dextrins --- Dextrins

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This paper extends the Schumpeterian model of creative destruction by allowing followers’ cost of innovation to increase in their technological distance from the leader. This assumption is motivated by the observation the more technologically ad- vanced the leader is, the harder it is for a follower to leapfrog without incurring extra cost for using leader’s patented knowledge. Under this R&D cost structure, leaders innovate to increase their technological advantage so that followers will eventually stop innovating, allowing leadership to prevail. A new steady state then emerges featuring both leaders and followers innovating in few industries with low aggregate growth.

Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Professional Labor Markets --- Occupational Licensing --- Labor Economics: General --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Innovation --- Research and Development --- Technological Change --- Intellectual Property Rights: General --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Technology --- general issues --- Labor supply --- Skilled labor --- Consumption --- National accounts --- Wages --- Labor market --- Labor economics --- Economics --- United States