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Why is it that a text, particularly a canonical text, is often said to contain a meaning different from what it literally says? How did allegorical readings arise and develop? By looking at such examples as Jewish and Christian interpretations of the Song of Songs and traditional Chinese commentaries on the Confucian classic Book of Poetry, Zhang Longxi discusses allegorical readings from a broad perspective that bridges the usual East/West cultural divide and examines their social and political implications. His approach is wide-ranging, cross-cultural, and cross-disciplinary, exploring allegoresis with regard to religion, philosophy, and literature. In his inquiry into allegory and allegorical interpretation, Zhang examines the idea of a self-explanatory text of the Bible as conceived by Augustine, Aquinas, and Luther; discusses the importance of the literal basis of textual interpretation; and takes up the question of moral responsibility and political allegiance. Zhang, who regards utopia as an allegory of social and political ideas, explores how utopian visions vary in their Chinese and Western expressions, in the process commenting on contemporary literary theory and political readings of literature past and present.

Comparative literature --- Canon (Literature) --- Allegory. --- Classics, Literary --- Literary canon --- Literary classics --- Best books --- Criticism --- Literature --- Personification in literature --- Symbolism in literature --- Western and Chinese. --- Chinese and Western. --- History and criticism

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Literature

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The “May Fourth Movement” of 1919 is generally seen as the central event in China’s transformation from the traditional to the modern. It signalled the arrival of effective student activism on the political scene; it heralded the success of outspoken anti-imperialist ideologies; its slogans and pamphlets demonstrated the rhetorical qualities of the new vernacular writing; some of its participants went on to become leading cultural and political figures; it is said to have given birth to the Communist Party. The latter aspect has ensured that a particular narrative of the movement remained enshrined in official Chinese state ideology for many decades, a narrative often opposed by those outside China for similarly ideological reasons. No movement in modern Chinese history and culture has been more researched, yet none has been less understood. This award-winning book, by one of Peking University’s most famous professors, represents a groundbreaking attempt to return to a study of “May Fourth” that is solidly grounded in historical fact. Favouring smaller stories over grand narratives, concentrating on unknown, marginal materials rather than familiar key documents, and highlighting “May Fourth”’s indebtedness to the cultural debates of the preceding late Qing period, Chen Pingyuan reconstructs part of the actual historical scenery, demonstrating the great variety of ideas expressed during those tumultuous decades.

Intellectuals --- China --- History --- Intellectual life --- Politics and government --- S04/0811 --- S14/0400 --- S16/0170 --- China: History--May 4th Movement --- China: Education--Modern education: before 1949 (incl. Modern intellectual trends) --- China: Literature and theatrical art--General works on modern literature

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"Literature: A World History is intended as a history of literature spanning the world's cultures from the beginnings of recorded history to the present day. In this introduction, we explain how the work is organized and why. We also offer the elements of an understanding of what we mean by literature and its history. What works from these many centuries and cultures should come under the rubric of "literature"? How can we best understand their life in their place and time and their ongoing life thereafter? What kind of history does literature have, and with what relation to broader social history? How should these literary histories be mapped across the world, with its hundreds of past and present polities and its thousands of languages? Literature: A World History proceeds in chronological fashion from antiquity onward, but it is written in awareness that in a very real sense literary history begins in the present - the present of those who deem certain facts to be literary and historical. In this sense, literary history is as revealing of the present as of the past"--

Literature --- History and criticism

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Philosophy