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This book collects the contributions presented at the conference Isolated Neutron Stars: From the Surface to the Interior, held in London in April 2006. Forty years after the discovery of radio pulsars it presents an up-to-date description of the new vision of isolated neutron stars that has emerged in recent years with the advance of multi-wavelength observations. The great variety of isolated neutron stars, from pulsars to magnetars, some of them discovered very recently and many of them not detectable in radio wavelengths, is amply covered by descriptions of recent observational results and presentations of the latest theoretical interpretation of these data.

Neutron stars. --- Compact objects (Astronomy) --- Stars --- Pulsars --- Nuclear physics. --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Atoms and Molecules in Strong Fields, Laser Matter Interaction. --- Plasma Physics. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Physics --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy—Observations. --- Astrophysics. --- Heavy ions. --- Atoms. --- Physics. --- Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Stereochemistry --- Ions --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Constitution --- Materials

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This book serves as both a primer to astronomical polarimetry and an authoritative overview of its application to various types of astronomical objects from AGN, compact stars, binary systems, stars across the HR diagram, transients, the interstellar medium and solar system bodies. It starts with an historical perspective, a discussion of polarimetric theory, instrumentation and techniques in wave bands from the near infrared to gamma rays. The book presents the state of the art in astronomical polarimetry. It is motivated by the new X-ray polarimeters due to be launched in the next four years and improved optical polarimeters on large telescopes requiring a new analysis of polarimetric theory, methodology and results.This book will be suitable as advanced undergraduate companion text, a primer for graduate students and all researchers with an interest in astronomical polarimetry.

Solar system. --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Solar and Heliospheric Physics . --- Polarimetry. --- Optical measurements --- Polarization (Light) --- Ellipsometry --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy—Observations. --- Astrophysics. --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical

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