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This book details the peculiarities of the requirements for refractories designed for aluminium metallurgical process: reduction, cast house, and anode production.  The author describes requirements specific to the properties and structure of refractory materials that differentiate it from the refractories for ferrous metallurgy and other refractories.  A comparison is drawn between the properties and structure of refractories and carbon cathode materials from different  points of view: from the point  of  physical chemistry and chemistry interactions during the metallurgical process and from the point of design of reduction pots and furnaces with the aspect to  the service life time of metallurgical aggregates.

Materials Science. --- Metallic Materials. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Building Materials. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Building construction. --- Materials. --- Matériaux --- Aluminum construction. --- Aluminum, Structural. --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Materials Science --- Aluminum. --- Aluminum --- Finishing. --- Aluminum finishing --- Aluminium --- Materials science. --- Physical chemistry. --- Building materials. --- Metals. --- Group 13 elements --- Light metals --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Materials --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy

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This book details the rigorous requirements for refractories designed for aluminium metallurgical processes: reduction, cast house, and anode production. The author describes requirements specific to the properties and structure of refractory materials that differentiate it from the refractories for ferrous metallurgy, among others. A comparison is drawn between the properties and structure of refractories and carbon cathode materials from different points of view: from the perspective of physical chemistry and chemical interactions during the metallurgical process and from the aspect of designing reduction pots and furnaces to accommodate the lifetime of metallurgical aggregates that are a part of aluminum refractory processes.

Physicochemistry --- Metals and their compounds --- Organic reaction mechanisms and kinetics --- Applied physical engineering --- Building design --- Building materials. Building technology --- thermodynamica --- bouwkunde --- bouwmaterialen --- metalen --- kogellagers --- fysicochemie

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This book presents an up-to-date review of the ecology of yeast communities in natural ecosystems. It focuses on their biological interactions, including mutualism, parasitism, commensalism and antagonistic interactions, and is closely connected with the volume Yeasts in Natural Ecosystems: Diversity by the same editors. Yeasts are the smallest eukaryotic organisms successfully growing under a wide range of environmental conditions. They constantly modify the environment through their own metabolic activities. Although yeasts are among the earlier colonizers of nutrient-rich substrates, their role in ecosystem processes is not limited to the consumption and transformation of simple sugars. They also engage in close relationships with animals, plants and other fungi in the environment as mutualists, competitors, parasites and pathogens. This book reviews the diversity of biological interactions and roles of yeasts in ecosystems and summarises recent concepts and tools developed in community ecology. All of the chapters were written by leading international yeast research experts, and will appeal to researchers and advanced students in the field of microbial ecology.

Life sciences. --- Microbial ecology. --- Microbiology. --- Environmental engineering. --- Biotechnology. --- Life Sciences. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Yeast --- Yeast fungi --- Genetics. --- Yeasts --- Fungi --- Basidiomycetes --- Blastomycetes --- Endomycetales --- Nematospora --- Edible fungi --- Leavening agents --- Yeast-free diet --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Environmental microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Ecology --- Microbiology --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Environmental control --- Environmental effects --- Environmental stresses --- Engineering --- Environmental health --- Environmental protection --- Pollution --- Sustainable engineering

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This book focuses on the diversity of yeasts in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, including the association of yeasts with insects, invertebrate and vertebrate animals. It offers an overview of the knowledge accumulated in the course of more than 60 years of research and is closely connected with the volume Yeasts in Natural Ecosystems: Ecology by the same editors. In view of the rapid decline of many natural habitats due to anthropogenic activities and climate change, the need to study biodiversity is pressing. Rising temperatures threaten species inhabiting cold and aquatic environments, and species in terrestrial ecosystems are endangered by habitat fragmentation or loss. Most of our knowledge of intrinsic properties (autoecology) of yeasts reported throughout this book is derived from laboratory experiments with pure cultures. Accordingly, the importance of culture collections for ecological studies is highlighted by presenting an overview of worldwide available yeast strains and their origins. All of the chapters were written by leading international yeast research experts, and will appeal to researchers and advanced students in the field of microbial diversity.

General microbiology --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Biotechnology --- gisten --- microbiologie --- biotechnologie --- ecologie --- milieutechnologie --- insecten --- proefdieren --- klimaatverandering

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Biogeography --- General ecology and biosociology --- Insects. Springtails --- Namibia