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This essay uses Greek and Latin epigraphy (thus preparing a corpus), Palmyrene Semitic epigraphy and the archaeological studies concerning the site to show the originality of Palmyra, which was a tribal society and became more and more influenced by the Roman Empire. The city shares some characteristics with the Roman province, despite its marginal position and its contacts with less hellenized areas, but is under a strong influence of oriental "cultures" (Aramaic, as well as Arabic, Iranian, Babylonian). The identity of the city can be defined and its leading inhabitants, notables who were part of the Greek city of Palmyra, are sometimes well-known. One can reconstruct their civic careers and note the prevailing role of some families. This rather classical aspect is only a part of the whole, with the permanence of local culture (language, art, religion, onomastic) being the other part. Caravan trade, one of the glories of Palmyra, is another area where the role of the notables, their influence, is to be seen, outside of the city and in the Empire. In Palmyra itself, it is possible to draw a map of their social position, thanks to their monuments built following the special ways of evergetism existing there. Around the leading citizens was an entourage of people less apparent in the epigraphic evidence (women and freedmen), but they are not to be underestimated as shown by the example of Zenobia. Notables, beyond their own life, used to put on stage the power of their family, by the construction of tombs. Those monuments are also signs of the penetration of ways that originated in the Roman Empire, which does not mean that the local traditions were disappearing, as shown by the constant use of Aramaic.

Upper class --- Syria --- Tadmur (Syria) --- Social conditions --- Antiquities. --- Archaeology --- Archeologische vondsten. --- Citoyenneté - Syrie - Palmyre (Ville ancienne). --- Citoyenneté --- Civilization. --- Elite. --- Elites. --- Ethnicité - Syrie - Palmyre (Ville ancienne). --- Ethnicité --- Griechisch. --- Inschrift. --- Inscripties. --- Inscriptions araméennes - Syrie - Palmyre (Ville ancienne). --- Inscriptions araméennes --- Inscriptions grecques - Syrie - Palmyre (Ville ancienne). --- Inscriptions grecques --- Latein. --- Sozialgeschichte. --- Élite (Sciences sociales) - Syrie - Palmyre (Ville ancienne). --- Élite (Sciences sociales) --- Epigraphy --- Greco-Roman world. --- Palmyra. --- Palmyre (Ville ancienne) - Conditions sociales. --- Palmyre (Ville ancienne) - Histoire. --- Palmyre (Ville ancienne) --- Palmyre (Ville ancienne). --- Conditions sociales. --- Histoire. --- History. --- Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- Middle East --- Tudmur (Syria) --- Tadmor (Syria) --- Tedmor (Syria) --- Palmyra (Syria) --- Palmyre (Syria) --- Palmyra --- Antiquities --- History --- Antiquités --- Histoire --- épigraphie --- Empire romain --- Syrie antique --- Mésopotamie --- nécropole --- Palmyre

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Upper class --- Syria --- Tadmur (Syria) --- Tadmur (Syria) --- Social conditions

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Cet ouvrage collectif rassemble des contributions qui clôturaient un programme financé par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche et intitulé "Communication et échanges culturels dans la Syrie du Nord romaine". Un de ses principaux objets d'étude était les résultats des fouilles menées depuis 1995 à Séleucie de l'Euphrate - Zeugma, en les replaçant dans leur contexte régional. En exploitant les données apportées par les travaux récents, ont été abordés les problèmes des échanges culturels et de la communication entre les populations syriennes et le conquérant romain. L'originalité de la démarche était d'associer une approche traditionnelle fondée sur l'écrit à une documentation archéologique qui comprenait aussi le matériel plus modeste - céramiques, verre, scories, voire restes fauniques ou pollens. Ces données nouvelles apportent de nombreuses informations sur le cadre matériel de vie et les gestes quotidiens des populations dans des domaines et sur une échelle que les textes n'évoquent quasiment jamais. Archéologues tout comme philologues et historiens présentent aussi bien les résultats de fouilles - en mettant l'accent sur les témoignages de ces échanges culturels et sur les éventuelles continuités ou ruptures, et les nouvelles perspectives d'interprétation des vestiges - que des textes qui permettent de saisir les réactions et les sentiments des populations à l'égard des Romains pendant les quatre premiers siècles de notre ère.

Excavations (Archaeology) --- Material culture --- Human settlements --- Architecture, Ancient --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Culture matérielle --- Etablissements humains --- Architecture antique --- Syria --- Syrie --- Antiquities, Roman --- Antiquités romaines --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Culture matérielle --- Antiquités romaines

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Lebanon --- Antiquities --- Antiquities. --- Lebanon - Antiquities

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Portrait sculpture, Roman --- Sepulchral monuments --- Vatican City : --- Catalogs