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Over the last few years, there has been a remarkable convergence among the fields of ultrafast optics, optical frequency metrology, and precision laser spectroscopy. This convergence has enabled unprecedented advances in control of the electric field of the pulses produced by femtosecond mode-locked lasers. The resulting spectrum consists of a comb of sharp spectral lines with well-defined frequencies. These new techniques and capabilities are generally known as "femtosecond comb technology." They have had dramatic impact on the diverse fields of precision measurement and extreme nonlinear optical physics. This book provides an introductory description of mode-locked lasers, the connection between time and frequency descriptions of their output and the physical origins of the electric field dynamics, together with an overview of applications of femtosecond comb technology. Individual chapters go into more detail on mode-locked laser development, spectral broadening in microstructure fiber, optical parametric amplification, optical frequency metrology, optical atomic clocks, ultrasensitive sensors, carrier-envelope phase dynamics, high field ionization of atoms and generation of attosecond high-harmonic radiation. To provide readers with the most recent, direct, and comprehensive information, the chapters are written by the international researchers who have led the development of this field. This book provides an introduction to those new to the field and is at the same time a resource for experts.

High power lasers. --- Laser pulses, Ultrashort. --- Lasers --- Laser pulses, Picosecond --- Light pulses, Picosecond --- Light pulses, Ultrashort --- Picosecond laser pulses --- Picosecond light pulses --- Ultrashort laser pulses --- Ultrashort light pulses --- Laser beams --- Pulse techniques (Electronics) --- Picosecond pulses --- Engineering. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Engineering, general. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators

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Neutrosophic logic and set are gaining significant attention in solving many real-life problems that involve uncertainty, impreciseness, vagueness, incompleteness, inconsistency, and indeterminacy. A number of new neutrosophic theories have been proposed and have been applied in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making, computational intelligence, multiple-attribute decision-making, image processing, medical diagnosis, fault diagnosis, optimization design, and so on. Neutrosophic logic, set, probability, statistics, etc., are, respectively, generalizations of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy logic and set, classical and imprecise probability, classical statistics and so on. This Special Issue gathers 11 original research papers that report on the state of the art and recent advancements in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making using neutrosophic environment in computing, artificial intelligence, big and small data mining, group decision-making problems, pattern recognition, information processing, image processing, and many other practical achievements.

Neutrosophic optimization --- Neutrosophic medical diagnosis --- Neutrosophic data mining --- Neutrosophic operations used in MCDM --- NMCD Neutrosophic applications. --- Neutrosophic fault diagnosis --- Neutrosophic computational modelling --- Neutrosophic image processing using MCDM --- Neutrosophic clustering analysis --- Neutrosophic decision making theories and methods --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer science. --- Informatics --- Science --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers

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Pattern perception. --- Neural networks (Computer science) --- Artificial neural networks --- Nets, Neural (Computer science) --- Networks, Neural (Computer science) --- Neural nets (Computer science) --- Artificial intelligence --- Natural computation --- Soft computing --- Design perception --- Pattern recognition --- Form perception --- Perception --- Figure-ground perception

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This book contains papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Cognitive based Information Processing and Applications (CIPA) in Changzhou, China, from September 22 to 23, 2022. The book is divided into a 2-volume series and the papers represent the various technological advancements in network information processing, graphics and image processing, medical care, machine learning, smart cities. It caters to postgraduate students, researchers, and practitioners specializing and working in the area of cognitive-inspired computing and information processing.

Computational intelligence. --- Pattern recognition systems. --- Neural networks (Computer science). --- Computational Intelligence. --- Automated Pattern Recognition. --- Mathematical Models of Cognitive Processes and Neural Networks. --- Artificial neural networks --- Nets, Neural (Computer science) --- Networks, Neural (Computer science) --- Neural nets (Computer science) --- Artificial intelligence --- Natural computation --- Soft computing --- Pattern classification systems --- Pattern recognition computers --- Pattern perception --- Computer vision --- Intelligence, Computational --- Information storage and retrieval systems

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This book contains papers presented at the International Conference on Cognitive based Information Processing and Applications (CIPA) held during August 21, 2021, online conference (since COVID 19), which is divided into a 2-volume book. The papers in the first volume represent the various technological advancements in network information processing, graphics and image processing, medical care, machine learning, smart cities. It caters to postgraduate students, researchers, and practitioners specializing and working in the area of cognitive-inspired computing and information processing.

Mathematical statistics --- Mathematics --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- patroonherkenning --- neuronale netwerken --- fuzzy logic --- cybernetica --- factoranalyse --- wiskunde --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie)