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This report reflects on the Indonesia's online teacher training ecosystem based on unique data collected from both teachers and providers during the COVID-19 period. A detailed mapping of the eight largest providers of online teacher training in Indonesia was conducted, covering 25 programs. We find that the majority of programs are short in duration and focus on digital literacy skills and remote learning. Training programs were mostly provided using online lectures, few provided individual coaching, while none provided opportunities for personalized learning. Second, we conducted a nationally representative phone survey of 435 primary and junior secondary teachers spanning 30 provinces across Indonesia (66 percent of whom are female teachers). The teacher survey was conducted between February and March 2021 and covered teachers under both the Ministry of Education, Research, and Technology (MoECRT) and the Ministry of Religious Affairs (MoRA). We find that 44 percent of teachers participated in online learning during the pandemic, and that three quarters of these teachers had never participated in online training prior to the pandemic. Many training participants reported challenges in implementing what they learned from online training. Most of the teachers who participated (88 percent) would like to continue receiving training online even after the pandemic ends. These results suggest that demand for online training is expected to persist, but more can be done to improve their quality.

Educational sociology. --- Education and globalization.

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The global vision for an evolving model of inclusive education is one that ensures inclusive and equitable access for all learners regardless of ability, identity, or background. The purpose of this policy note (PN) is to provide initial support and information to the Ministry of Education of Indonesia in their quest for an improved national curriculum with respect to inclusion of all learners. The hope is that by sharing experience and evidence from other countries, Indonesia may with greater confidence more rapidly select the most promising approaches for their current political and social context. This paper outlines the guiding principles, benefits, and indicators of an effective inclusive education system with an emphasis on inclusive pedagogy, curricula and supports, making the case for the why and how of inclusive education.

Inclusive education.

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This EdTech landscape survey provides an overview of the Indonesian startup ecosystem in EdTech, drawing upon three main sources of information: publicly available data, information collected via an online-questionnaire sent to 60 EdTech players representing the vast majority of the main players and 18 structured, in-depth face-to-face interviews from December 2018 through February 2019, as well as a group consultation with preliminary findings and recommendations. The findings reveal that the Indonesian EdTech sector is starting to catch up with the global frontier, and with growth of similar platforms, such as Harukaedu (a platform offering online university degrees), Ruangguru (an interactive e-learning platform for K-12 students in Indonesia) and Cakap by Squline (a tutoring platform for language learning), but overall the sector is still in its infancy. This early stage of development applies to evidence as well; there is almost no rigorous information available about the quality or effectiveness of the products and services offered in the Indonesian EdTech market, something that is true of many EdTech markets globally. Indonesian EdTech products generally aim at helping students with learning and upskilling, helping educators with student management, communication and teaching, and helping educational institutions with administration. For example, companies such as Ruangguru, Zenius and Quipper provide self-directed e-learning content, interactive learning platforms, and study tools that help students to expedite the learning process, along with interactive online services that help students with theirassignments and test preparation. Companies such as Arsa Kids, Digikids and Educa Studio develop gamebased and blended learning experiences, including interactive storybooks and educational mobile apps, to help improve early childhood educators' effectiveness.

Education --- Educational Institutions and Facilities --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Private Participation in Infrastructure --- Public-Private Partnerships --- Secondary Education

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This study seeks to examine gender gaps and disability issues in education in Indonesia, and to suggest policy actions as well as future analytical and operational work to address these differences. Field visits were conducted to uncover drivers of gender differences, as well as issues of social inclusion, and to explore policy approaches to improve learning outcomes and educational achievement for all children. Secondary data analysis shows that Indonesia has demonstrated great progress on gender parity in education; however, the national averages mask important variations at the subnational level, including variations of significant male and female disadvantage between and within provinces. Women are still underrepresented in school and government leadership positions, as well as the workforce overall. Despite women making up the majority of the teaching workforce, men dominate the management and leadership roles in schools. The study also reveals significant challenges and offers policy recommendations to ensure inclusivity in education for children with disabilities.

Disability --- Early Childhood Development --- Economics of Education --- Education --- Education For All --- Female Labor Force Participation --- Gender --- Gender and Education --- Gender Gap --- Labor Markets --- Social Protections and Labor