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Embodied theories claim that semantic representations are grounded in sensorimotor systems, but the contribution of sensorimotor brain areas in representing meaning is still controversial. One current debate is whether activity in sensorimotor areas during language comprehension is automatic. Numerous neuroimaging studies reveal activity in perception and action areas during semantic processing that is automatic and independent of context, but increasing findings show that involvement of sensorimotor areas and the connectivity between word-form areas and sensorimotor areas can be modulated

Context (Linguistics). --- Language acquisition. --- Language and languages. --- Neurolinguistics --- Sensorimotor integration --- Semantics --- Linguistics --- Behavioral Sciences --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Language --- Behavioral Disciplines and Activities --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Communication --- Information Science --- Psycholinguistics --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Computer Science --- Neuroscience --- Psychological aspects --- Knowledge representation (Information theory) --- Conceptual structures (Information theory) --- Representation of knowledge (Information theory) --- Artificial intelligence --- Information theory --- Neurolinguistics. --- Sensorimotor integration. --- Psychological aspects.

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Since the mid-1990s, as China has downsized and privatized its state-owned enterprises, severe unemployment has created a new class of urban poor and widespread social and psychological disorders. In Unknotting the Heart, Jie Yang examines this understudied group of workers and their experiences of being laid off, "counseled," and then reoriented to the market economy. Using fieldwork from reemployment programs, community psychosocial work, and psychotherapy training sessions in Beijing between 2002 and 2013, Yang highlights the role of psychology in state-led interventions to alleviate the effects of mass unemployment. She pays particular attention to those programs that train laid-off workers in basic psychology and then reemploy them as informal "counselors" in their capacity as housemaids and taxi drivers. These laid-off workers are filling a niche market created by both economic restructuring and the shortage of professional counselors in China, helping the government to defuse intensified class tension and present itself as a nurturing and kindly power. In reality, Yang argues, this process creates both new political complicity and new conflicts, often along gender lines. Women are forced to use the moral virtues and work ethics valued under the former socialist system, as well as their experiences of overcoming depression and suffering, as resources for their new psychological care work. Yang focuses on how the emotions, potentials, and "hearts" of these women have become sites of regulation, market expansion, and political imagination.

Counseling psychology --- Labor policy --- Psychology, Industrial --- Unemployed --- Unemployment --- Joblessness --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Full employment policies --- Labor supply --- Manpower policy --- Underemployment --- Jobless people --- Out-of-work people --- Unemployed people --- Unemployed workers --- Persons --- Business psychology --- Industrial psychology --- Psychotechnics --- Industrial engineering --- Personnel management --- Psychology, Applied --- Industrial psychologists --- Labor --- State and labor --- Economic policy --- Government policy --- Psychological aspects. --- Political aspects --- Counseling of --- Changping Qu (Beijing, China) --- Changping Xian (China)

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Embodied theories claim that semantic representations are grounded in sensorimotor systems, but the contribution of sensorimotor brain areas in representing meaning is still controversial. One current debate is whether activity in sensorimotor areas during language comprehension is automatic. Numerous neuroimaging studies reveal activity in perception and action areas during semantic processing that is automatic and independent of context, but increasing findings show that involvement of sensorimotor areas and the connectivity between word-form areas and sensorimotor areas can be modulated by contextual information. Context Effects on Embodied Representation of Language Concepts focuses on these findings and discusses the influences from word, phrase, and sentential contexts that emphasize either dominant conceptual features or non-dominant conceptual features. Reviews the findings about contextual modularityClarifies the invariant and flexible features of embodied lexical-semantic processing.

Physiology of nerves and sense organs --- Psycholinguistics

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Unemployment --- Unemployed --- Psychology, Industrial --- Labor policy --- Counseling psychology --- Psychological aspects --- Counseling of --- Political aspects --- Government policy --- Changping Qu (Beijing, China)

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This book examines the popular, yet puzzling, Chinese saying Nande hutu 难得糊涂 to uncover how the ancient Chinese wisdom of not knowing is constructed, interpreted, practiced and valued in contemporary society. Originating in the calligraphy of Qing-dynasty scholar Zheng Banqiao, Nande hutu translates literally as: "hard to attain muddle-headedness". Mieke Matthyssen traces the historical development of this saying and related philosophies to reveal a culturally conditioned, multi-layered inclination to different forms of not knowing. In contemporary society, she argues, this inclination forms part of a living art: in some respects, a passive, evasive strategy for self-preservation; in other respects, a strategy for coping with intrapersonal, interpersonal and social complexities. Drawing on an extensive range of primary sources and original research, the analysis skillfully combines philosophical and socio-historical analysis with theory from Chinese philosophy, philosophical psychology and the relatively new field of indigenous psychology, to provide an in-depth understanding of how Nande hutu has shaped, and continues to shape, the Chinese psyche and behaviour. This book will appeal to all readers looking for fresh insights into Chinese culture, and in particular to students and scholars of Chinese and Asian studies, cultural and social anthropology, and philosophical and indigenous psychology. Mieke Matthyssen is a lecturer in the Department of Chinese Studies at Ghent University, Belgium. Her research interests focus on the intellectual history and contemporary interpretation of traditional Chinese philosophies of life, health strategies and indigenous psychology. She has published in journals such as Contemporary Chinese Thought and Journal of Asian History.

Philosophy and psychology of culture --- Ethnology. Cultural anthropology --- History of civilization --- niet-westerse cultuur --- etnologie --- psychologie --- cultuur --- interculturele communicatie --- antropologie --- Asia