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This book adopts a multi-method and multi-phase approach to investigate the washback effects of Test for English Majors (TEM) on program administrators, teachers and students, shedding new light on TEM reform and the reform of English teaching and learning in China. TEM, a nationwide test used to measure the language proficiency of undergraduate English majors in China, is a major standardized test taken by nearly 400,000 students every year. The book’s key features include: an in-depth discussion of the nature of washback and a framework for investigating it; a multi-method and multi-phase approach, employing both the quantitative method of questionnaire surveys and the qualitative methods of interviews and classroom observations; large-scale questionnaire surveys conducted among experts, program administrators, teachers and students, and involving over 30,000 participants; detailed assessments of TEM’s washback effects on stakeholders’ perceptions, classroom teaching practice, students learning activities, etc.; and essential insights into testing and teaching reforms.

English language --- Study and teaching --- Ability testing --- Evaluation. --- Germanic languages --- Language and languages. --- Educational tests and measuremen. --- Language Education. --- Assessment, Testing and Evaluation. --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Linguistics --- Language and education. --- Assessment. --- Educational linguistics --- Education --- Language and languages

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Discoveries in science. --- Breakthroughs, Scientific --- Discoveries, Scientific --- Scientific breakthroughs --- Scientific discoveries --- Creative ability in science --- Research

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This book provides a comprehensive review of the latest modelling developments in flow batteries, as well as some new results and insights. Flow batteries have long been considered the most flexible answer to grid scale energy storage, and modelling is a key component in their development. Recent modelling has moved beyond macroscopic methods, towards mesoscopic and smaller scales to select materials and design components. This is important for both fundamental understanding and the design of new electrode, catalyst and electrolyte materials. There has also been a recent explosion in interest in machine learning for electrochemical energy technologies. The scope of the book includes these latest developments and is focused on advanced techniques, rather than traditional modelling paradigms. The aim of this book is to introduce these concepts and methods to flow battery researcher, but the book would have a much broader appeal since these methods also employed in other battery and fuel cell systems and far beyond. The methods will be described in detail (necessary fundamental material in Appendices). The book appeals to graduate students and researchers in academia/industry working in electrochemical systems, or those working in computational chemistry/machine learning wishing to seek new application areas. .

Electric batteries. --- Materials. --- Computer simulation. --- Fuel cells. --- Mathematical physics. --- Batteries. --- Computer Modelling. --- Fuel Cells. --- Computational Physics and Simulations. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Mathematics --- Direct energy conversion --- Electric batteries --- Electric power production from chemical action --- Electrochemistry --- Computer modeling --- Computer models --- Modeling, Computer --- Models, Computer --- Simulation, Computer --- Electromechanical analogies --- Mathematical models --- Simulation methods --- Model-integrated computing --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Batteries, Electric --- Batteries (Electricity) --- Cell, Voltaic --- Electrical batteries --- Electrochemical cells --- Galvanic batteries --- Voltaic cell --- Electric power supplies to apparatus --- Thermopiles --- Materials

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Mathematical physics --- Applied physical engineering --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- mineralen (chemie) --- mijnbouw --- wiskunde --- fysica

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This three volume set presents papers from the first collaborative global metallurgy conference focused exclusively on extractive topics, including business and economic issues. Contributions examine new developments in foundational extractive metallurgy topics and techniques, and present the latest research and insights on emerging technologies and issues that are shaping the global extractive metallurgy industry. The book is organized around the following main themes: hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, sulfide flotation, and extractive metallurgy markets and economics.

Metals and their compounds --- Materials sciences --- Applied physical engineering --- Applied arts. Arts and crafts --- materiaalkennis --- metalen --- keramiek