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It has been established that TNF receptor associated factors (TRAFs) are critical signaling mediators for not only the TNF receptor superfamily, but also the interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor superfamily and the T-cell receptors. They play important roles in mammalian biology including embryonic development, innate and adaptive immune regulation and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Agents that manipulate the signaling of these receptors are being used or showing promise towards the treatment and prevention of many human diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, coronary heart disease, transplantation rejection, insulin resistance, multiple organ failure and cancer. TNF Receptor Associated Factors is the only literature that is entirely devoted to TRAFs. Almost every aspect of TRAF signaling is covered, including the different TRAF family members, their distinct biological functions, the TRAF structures, their modes of receptor recognition, the signaling mechanisms, and the roles of TRAFs in normal cellular functions and in viral infection. TNF Receptor Associated Factors is intended for a wide audience, including researchers in the field of TRAF signaling and students and postdoctoral fellows learning cell biology and cell signal transduction. This exciting new volume is up to date on the most recent advances in TRAF signal transduction.

Tumor necrosis factor --- Cellular signal transduction. --- Receptors. --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Cachectin receptors --- Receptors, Tumor necrosis factor --- TNF receptors --- TNFRs (Tumor necrosis factor receptors) --- Tumor necrosis factor receptors --- Cell receptors --- Death receptors --- Cytology. --- Developmental biology. --- Computer security. --- Cell Biology. --- Developmental Biology. --- Systems and Data Security. --- Computer privacy --- Computer system security --- Computer systems --- Computers --- Cyber security --- Cybersecurity --- Electronic digital computers --- Protection of computer systems --- Security of computer systems --- Data protection --- Security systems --- Hacking --- Development (Biology) --- Biology --- Growth --- Ontogeny --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Protection --- Security measures --- Cell biology.

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Beginning from centuries of anecdotal descriptions of cell death, such as those on the development of the midwife toad in 1842 by Carl Vogt, to modern-day investigations of cell death as a biological discipline, it has become accepted that cell death in multicellular organisms is a normal part of life. This book provides a comprehensive view of cell death, from its mechanisms of initiation and execution, to its implication in human disease and therapy. Physiological cell death plays critical roles in almost all aspects of biology, and the book details its roles in lymphocyte homeostasis, neuronal function, metabolism, and the DNA damage response. When physiological cell death goes awry, diseases can arise, and cancer is presented as a central paradigm for the consequences of derangements in the interplay between cell survival and cell death. At the same time, the potential promise of targeted therapies aimed at interdicting cell death machineries are also discussed extensively. The molecular mechanisms that underlie apoptotic cell death are illustrated from the perspectives of both the intrinsic, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and the extrinsic, death receptor pathway. Key players in these pathways, such as the Bcl2 family proteins, cytochrome c, Apaf-1, caspases, death receptor adapter proteins, and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, are presented from both functional and structural angles. Until only a few years ago, programmed cell death has been considered essentially synonymous with apoptosis. However, we now know that programmed cell death can also take other forms such as necrosis or necroptosis, and to this end, the mechanisms that underlie programmed necrosis in development and host defense are illustrated. The past twenty plus years have seen an incredible growth of research in cell death, with one breakthrough after another, and the legacy still goes on with constant new surprises and findings. Long live cell death! Hao Wu, Ph.D., is the Asa and Patricia Springer Professor at Harvard Medical School where she is a member of the Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology. She is also a Senior Investigator in the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children’s Hospital. Her research focuses on elucidating the molecular basis of signal transduction by immune receptors, including the induction of cell death pathways.

Histology. Cytology --- Molecular biology --- Biology --- Human histology. Human cytology --- Human biochemistry --- medische biochemie --- apoptose --- farmacologie --- biochemie --- biologie --- cytologie --- vroedkunde --- histologie --- moleculaire biologie

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In this book, the authors present their theoretical, experimental and numerical investigations into concrete structures subjected to projectile and aircraft impacts in recent years. Innovative approaches to analyze the rigid, mass abrasive and eroding projectile penetration and perforation are proposed. Damage and failure analyses of nuclear power plant containments impacted by large commercial aircrafts are numerically and experimentally analyzed. Ultra-high performance concrete materials and structures against the projectile impact are developed and their capacities of resisting projectile impact are evaluated. This book is written for the researchers, engineers and graduate students in the fields of protective structures and terminal ballistics.

Engineering. --- System safety. --- Mechanics. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Building materials. --- Structural materials. --- Building Materials. --- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. --- Security Science and Technology. --- Structural Materials. --- Concrete --- Testing. --- Building construction. --- Mechanics, applied. --- Materials. --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Materials --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Safety, System --- Safety of systems --- Systems safety --- Accidents --- Industrial safety --- Systems engineering --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Prevention

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