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This book deals with anti-dumping measures (AD) and investigates two questions: First, what country characteristics affect AD use and notably, do domestic political institutions have an effect? Second, (how) is the decision to impose a new AD measure affected by anticipation of trading partners’ potential retaliation? This book applies a strategic perspective to AD to address these questions, presenting a game-theoretic model together with an empirical test. The approach sheds light on the dynamics of interaction between trading partners and allows to capture selection processes which underpin the trade restrictions that can actually be observed. The book provides a fresh look on when and how trading powers apply antidumping measures, how this is shaped by strategic interaction and whether institutions do make a difference to the outcome. In a period in which the international trading system has to cope with numerous stresses such as an increased resort to administered protection largely by big emerging economies, this is a timely and important contribution. Dr. Klaus Günter Deutsch, Managing Director, Research, Economic and Industrial Policy, German Federation of Industries This book successfully integrates two research traditions in international politics – the traditional view that looks at domestic factors of anti-dumping policies and the strategic view that conditions the imposition of anti-dumping measures on the likely, retaliatory behavior of the trading partner. The result is an informative and constructive examination of anti-dumping protection and trade wars in the WTO. Prof. Dr. Thomas Bräuninger, Chair of Political Economy, University of Mannheim, Germany "The Political Economy of Anti-Dumping Protection - A Strategic Analysis" is a major contribution to the important and growing field international political economy. Starting with the “traditional” comparative institutional analysis, which focuses on the implications of democratic and non-democratic regimes for using anti-dumping measures in trade politics, the second part applies a strategic perspective on this type of sanctions uncovering the dynamic interactions between a challenging and challenged countries. For all those interested in understanding the logic of sanctions, the role of institutions, and in how to examine the implications of theoretical models for international political economy this book is a “must read". Prof. Dr. Thomas König, Chair of Political Science II, University of Mannheim, Germany.

Economics/Management Science. --- International Economics. --- Political Economy. --- International Relations. --- Industrial Organization. --- Economics. --- Industrial organization (Economic theory). --- International economics. --- Economie politique --- Economie industrielle --- Industrial organization (Economi. --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- International Commerce --- Dumping (International trade) --- Antidumping duties. --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Anti-dumping duties --- Antidumping tariffs --- Contingent duties --- Countervailing duties --- Antidumping --- Dumping (Commercial policy) --- Political economy. --- International relations. --- Industrial organization. --- Competition, Unfair --- International trade --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Tariff --- International Political Economy. --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Industries --- Organization --- Industrial concentration --- Industrial management --- Industrial sociology --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics

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"The availability of talent and skills has been a significant investment obstacle for firms across the EU over the years, with several sources highlighting the persistence and prevalence of skill shortages. In this paper, we use the European Investment Bank's Investment Survey (EIBIS) for the empirical analysis, which allows tracking corporate training investment on a yearly basis. To understand the reasons for firms' decision to invest in their workforce, we examine transition patterns and employ dynamic panel data estimation. We also analyse the impact of COVID-19 on firms' investment in workforce training and transitions in and out of training. Despite a slow upward trend in training investment observed in recent years supported by labour market recovery, differences across firms and countries have persisted. The pandemic risks aggravating these differences, through its uneven impact on labour markets and differences in corporate innovation, firm structure and resilience. While firm training can be an important element for firms and their workforce to adjust to the post-pandemic environment, asymmetries in training investment could make it harder for those already lagging. The paper concludes with a discussion of policy implications."

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Labour markets are undergoing structural transformation due to globalisation, demographic trends, advancing digital technologies and automation and changes in labour market institutions. Against this background, businesses increasingly report that the limited availability of skills poses an impediment to corporate investment. Genuine skill constraints can negatively affect labour productivity and hamper the ability to innovate and adopt technological developments. For individual Europeans, not having "the right skills" limits employability prospects and access to quality jobs. For Europe at large, persistent skill gaps and mismatches come at economic and social costs. This paper reviews the recent economic literature on skill mismatch and skill shortages, with a focus on Europe. It questions: how the job requirements of individuals can be measured; whether skill shortages stated by employers reflect the lack of suitable candidates or are due instead to the wage and working conditions being offered; what economic costs are posed by skill mismatch and shortages; and how policy can address the issue of skills, including the role of EU policies.

Business & Economics / Finance --- Economics --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Business & Economics --- Finance --- General

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In Romania, the share of firms carrying out investment is amongst the lowest in the European Union. This is despite strong economic growth in recent years and persistent needs for upgrading the capital stock in the country. This paper draws on information from two surveys - the EIB Investment Survey and a survey on access to finance conducted by the National Bank of Romania - to analyse the reasons for this subdued corporate investment activity. It also contributes to the debate on why investment in central, eastern and south eastern Europe has remained relatively subdued after the crisis.

Business & Economics / Finance --- Economics --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man