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This book provides a critical study of environmental regulation and its enforcement in New Zealand, situated within green criminology. It seeks to address the question of whether the offences in the Resource Management Act 1991 are 'working', by drawing on a range of sources including: central government data, local government policies and reports on enforcement, information requests of councils, studies of local authority enforcement behaviour and case law to. Through highly layered and richly textured analysis, the project exposes the problems that can arise when an expansive approach is taken to offences, penalties and institutional arrangements in an environmental regulatory statute. It emphasizes how discussions of harm and what should be unlawful will ensure that law-makers' enforcement tools will align with their goals for punishment. It examines higher-level issues such as 'wrongfulness' and 'criminality' in the environmental regulatory context and explores the relevance of its findings to jurisdictions outside of New Zealand. It also discusses the pros and cons of criminalisation and punishment versus restoration. It speaks to those interested in green criminology, regulatory compliance and enforcement, and applications of criminal law. Mark Wright is Lecturer in the School of Law at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. Before then he worked on regulatory prosecutions, in particular prosecutions under New Zealand's Resource Management Act 1991.

Social problems --- Sociology of law --- International law --- Criminology. Victimology --- Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- Environmental law --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- strafrecht --- criminologie --- criminaliteit --- internationaal recht --- milieurecht --- milieutechnologie

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The book examines the constructions and erasures that haunt field recording practice and discourse. Analyzing archival and contemporary soundworks through a combination of post-colonial, ecological and sound studies scholarship, Mark Peter Wright recodes the Field ; troubles conceptions of Nature ; expands site-specificity ; and unearths hidden technocultures. What exists beyond the signal ? How is agency performed and negotiated between humans and nonhumans ? What exactly is a field recording and what are its pedagogical potentials ? These questions are operated by a methodology of listening that incorporates the spaces of audition, as well as Wright's own practice-based reflections. In doing so, Listening After Nature posits a range of novel interventions. One example is the "Noisy-Nonself," a conceptual figuration with which to comprehend the presence of reticent recordists. "Contact Zones and Elsewhere Fields" offers another unique contribution by reimagining the relationship between the field and studio. In the final chapter, Wright explores the microphone by tracing its critical and creative connections to natural resource extraction and contemporary practice. The book auditions water and waste, infrastructures and animals, technologies and recordists, data and stars. It grapples with the thresholds of sensory perception and anchors itself to the question : what am I not hearing ? In doing so, it challenges Western universalisms that code the field whilst offering vibrant practice-based possibilities.

Field recordings --- Field recordings. --- Soundscapes (Music) --- Sound (Philosophy) --- Ecomusicology. --- Nature --- Sons --- Paysage sonore (musique) --- Écomusicologie. --- Philosophy --- Environmental aspects. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Philosophy and aesthetics. --- Sons. --- Philosophie. --- Aspect environnemental. --- Aspect moral.

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Social problems --- Sociology of law --- International law --- Criminology. Victimology --- Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- Environmental law --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- strafrecht --- criminologie --- criminaliteit --- internationaal recht --- milieurecht --- milieutechnologie

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Financial crises in emerging market countries appear to be very costly: both output and a host of partial welfare indicators decline dramatically. The magnitude of these costs is puzzling both from an accounting perspective -- factor usage does not decline as much as output, resulting in large falls in measured productivity -- and from a theoretical perspective. Towards a resolution of this puzzle, we present a framework that allows us to (i) account for changes in a country's measured productivity during a financial crises as the result of changes in the underlying technology of the economy, the efficiency with which resources are allocated across sectors, and the efficiency of the resource allocation within sectors driven both by reallocation amongst existing plants and by entry and exit; and (ii) measure the change in the country's welfare resulting from changes in productivity, government spending, the terms of trade, and a country's international investment position. We apply this framework to the Argentine crisis of 2001 using a unique establishment level data-set and find that more than half of the roughly 10% decline in measured total factor productivity can be accounted for by deterioration in the allocation of resources both across and within sectors. We measure the decline in welfare to be on the order of one-quarter of one years GDP.

Zonder onderwerpscode: economie

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The recent debt crises in Europe and the U.S. states feature similar sharp increases in spreads on government debt but also show important differences. In Europe, the crisis occurred at high government indebtedness levels and had spillovers to the private sector. In the United States, state government indebtedness was low, and the crisis had no spillovers to the private sector. We show theoretically and empirically that these different debt experiences result from the interplay between differences in the ability of governments to interfere in private external debt contracts and differences in the flexibility of state fiscal institutions.

Zonder onderwerpscode: economie