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This paper surveys the debate on arms-length and relationship-based financial systems with a special focus on the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region. The paper argues that while the initial dominance of relationship-based systems in the region is consistent with the implications of the theoretical literature, the subsequent improvements in supporting institutions coupled with structural changes suggests a greater scope for arms-length elements going forward.

Access to Finance --- Banks & Banking Reform --- Debt Markets --- Emerging Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Economics --- Financial Intermediation --- General Financial Markets --- Information and Market Efficiency --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth

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Zonder onderwerpscode --- Post-communism --- Economic aspects --- Former Soviet republics --- Europe, Eastern --- Economic policy --- Economic conditions --- -330.52 --- 331.30 --- 338.313 --- CIS / Commonwealth Of Independant States - Gos - Cei --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- -338.947 --- Postcommunism --- World politics --- Communism --- Liberaal systeem. Neo-liberalisme. Theorie van de onderhandeling. --- Economische toestand. --- Kapitalisme. --- -Former Soviet republics --- -CIS countries --- Commonwealth of Independent States countries --- Ex-Soviet republics --- Ex-Soviet states --- Former Soviet states --- New Independent States (Former Soviet republics) --- Newly Independent States (Former Soviet republics) --- NIS (Former Soviet republics) --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- -Economic policy --- -Economic conditions --- 338.947 --- 330.52 --- Liberaal systeem. Neo-liberalisme. Theorie van de onderhandeling --- Economische toestand --- Kapitalisme --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Post-communism - Economic aspects --- Former Soviet republics - Economic policy --- Europe, Eastern - Economic conditions - 1989 --- -Europe, Eastern - Economic policy - 1989 --- -Former Soviet republics - Economic conditions

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Employing economic theory, cross-country empirical comparison and case studies, this work analyses the effect of currency boards on inflation, output growth and macroeconomic performance. The case studies come from Argentina, Estonia Lithuania, Bulgaria and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Currency boards -- Argentina. --- Currency boards -- Europe, Eastern. --- Currency boards -- History. --- Monetary policy -- Argentina. --- Monetary policy -- Europe, Eastern. --- Currency boards --- Monetary policy --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Money --- History --- -Currency boards --- -Monetary policy --- -332.456 --- Financial institutions --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Money supply --- E-books --- History. --- ECONOMICS/Macroeconomics --- ECONOMICS/Finance --- 332.456 --- 333.420.0 --- 333.454.0 --- 333.825 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Theorieën in verband met de keuze van de geldstandaard. Currency substitution. Foreign currency deposits --- Deviezencontrole: algemeenheden --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies

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Domestic trade --- United States of America