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USSR--ETHNIC RELATIONS

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USSR--ETHNIC RELATIONS --- USSR--ARMED FORCES

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The study summarized here represents the first major, multidimensional effort to address the ethnic factor in the Soviet armed forces. It examines the historical context and experience of the multinational Red Army, analyzes in detail present practices designed to deal with ethnicity, and posits the implications of demographic changes and the options available to the Soviet authorities. It also hints at some of the ramifications of the ethnic factor for force effectiveness and at some potential Soviet vulnerabilities.

Ethnology --- Minorities --- Soviet Union --- Armed Forces --- Minorities.

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The Soviet leadership is facing increasingly difficult demographic problems, one of which is a sharp imbalance between labor deficits in the European regions and labor surpluses in Central Asia and the Caucasus. This disparity could affect several Soviet policy areas, including growth strategy, leadership perception of resource allocation compromises, and military manpower decisions. Two policy options are discussed in this report--outmigration and regional development. These are available to the Soviet leadership to make better use of Central Asian labor resources, as well as several mobilization strategies that the regime currently uses to this end. The demographic, economic, and political variables underlying the regime's choice of policy alternatives in Soviet Central Asia are examined. It is concluded that outmigration and regional development by themselves or even taken together cannot solve the Soviet labor problem. They should be seen as parts of a larger campaign that must include substantial economic reform.

Labor supply --- Migration, Internal --- Soviet Union --- Economic policy