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The development of computing machines found great success in the last decades. But the ongoing miniaturization of integrated circuits will reach its limits in the near future. Shrinking transistor sizes and power dissipation are the major barriers in the development of smaller and more powerful circuits. Reversible logic provides an alternative that may overcome many of these problems in the future. For low-power design, reversible logic offers significant advantages since zero power dissipation will only be possible if computation is reversible. Furthermore, quantum computation profits from enhancements in this area, because every quantum circuit is inherently reversible and thus requires reversible descriptions. However, since reversible logic is subject to certain restrictions (e.g. fanout and feedback are not directly allowed), the design of reversible circuits significantly differs from the design of traditional circuits. Nearly all steps in the design flow (like synthesis, verification, or debugging) must be redeveloped so that they become applicable to reversible circuits as well. But research in reversible logic is still at the beginning. No continuous design flow exists so far. In Towards a Design Flow for Reversible Logic, contributions to a design flow for reversible logic are presented. This includes advanced methods for synthesis, optimization, verification, and debugging. Formal methods like Boolean satisfiability and decision diagrams are thereby exploited. By combining the techniques proposed in the book, it is possible to synthesize reversible circuits representing large functions. Optimization approaches ensure that the resulting circuits are of small cost. Finally, a method for equivalence checking and automatic debugging allows to verify the obtained results and helps to accelerate the search for bugs in case of errors in the design. Combining the respective approaches, a first design flow for reversible circuits of significant size results.

Computer architecture. --- Computer logic. --- Logic design. --- Logic programming. --- Computer logic --- Computer architecture --- Logic programming --- Reversible computing --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Electrical Engineering --- Computer Science --- Quantum computers. --- Engineering. --- Electronic circuits. --- Circuits and Systems. --- Computers --- Systems engineering. --- Engineering systems --- System engineering --- Engineering --- Industrial engineering --- System analysis --- Design and construction --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes --- Electronics

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This book discusses modern approaches and challenges of computer-aided design (CAD) of quantum circuits with a view to providing compact representations of quantum functionality. Focusing on the issue of quantum functionality, it presents Quantum Multiple-Valued Decision Diagrams (QMDDs – a means of compactly and efficiently representing and manipulating quantum logic. For future quantum computers, going well beyond the size of present-day prototypes, the manual design of quantum circuits that realize a given (quantum) functionality on these devices is no longer an option. In order to keep up with the technological advances, methods need to be provided which, similar to the design and synthesis of conventional circuits, automatically generate a circuit description of the desired functionality. To this end, an efficient representation of the desired quantum functionality is of the essence. While straightforward representations are restricted due to their (exponentially) large matrix descriptions and other decision diagram-like structures for quantum logic suffer from not comprehensively supporting typical characteristics, QMDDs employ a decomposition scheme that more naturally models quantum systems. As a result, QMDDs explicitly support quantum-mechanical effects like phase shifts and are able to take more advantage of corresponding redundancies, thereby allowing a very compact representation of relevant quantum functionality composed of dozens of qubits. This provides the basis for the development of sophisticated design methods as shown for quantum circuit synthesis and verification.

Quantum computing. --- Quantum logic. --- Computation, Quantum --- Computing, Quantum --- Information processing, Quantum --- Quantum computation --- Quantum information processing --- Physics. --- Computer science --- Quantum computers. --- Quantum physics. --- Spintronics. --- Quantum Information Technology, Spintronics. --- Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation. --- Quantum Computing. --- Quantum Physics. --- Mathematics. --- Algebraic logic --- Mathematical physics --- Quantum theory --- Electronic data processing --- Algebra --- Quantum theory. --- Data processing. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Computer science—Mathematics. --- Fluxtronics --- Magnetoelectronics --- Spin electronics --- Spinelectronics --- Microelectronics --- Nanotechnology --- Computers

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This book describes automatic methods for the design of droplet microfluidic networks. The authors discuss simulation and design methods which support the design process of droplet microfluidics in general, as well as design methods for a dedicated droplet routing mechanism, namely passive droplet routing. The methods discussed allow for simulating a microfluidic design on a high-abstraction level, which facilitates early validation of whether a design works as intended, automatically dimensioning a microfluidic design, so that constraints like flow conditions are satisfied, and automatically generating meander designs for the respective needs and fabrication settings. Dedicated methods for passive droplet routing are discussed and allow for designing application-specific architectures for a given set of experiments, as well as generating droplet sequences realizing the respective experiments. Together, these methods provide a comprehensive “toolbox" for designers working on droplet microfluidic networks in general and an integrated design flow for the passive droplet routing mechanism in particular. Provides both a comprehensive “toolbox" for designers working on droplet microfluidic networks in general and an integrated design flow for the passive droplet routing mechanism in particular; Describes for the first time CAD methods for droplet microfluidic networks, along with the first integrated design process; Includes open source implementations, in order to reach the largest possible user group within the domain of microfluidics.

Microfluidics. --- Systems engineering. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Electronics. --- Circuits and Systems. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Engineering systems --- System engineering --- Industrial engineering --- System analysis --- Design and construction --- Electronic circuits. --- Microelectronics. --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes

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Geënthousiasmeerd door Darwin en de Duitse embryologie trokken aan het eind van de negentiende eeuw Nederlandse ontwikkelingsbiologen vanuit hun nieuwe laboratoria naar buiten. Hun leidsman was Pieter Harting: dankzij hem bekeken en vergeleken studenten onder de microscoop nauwkeurig de ontwikkelingsstadia van verschillende plant- en diersoorten. Vanaf 1872 reisden Nederlandse studenten naar het prestigieuze internationale zoölogische station in Napels, pal aan de kust, om daar de nieuwste technieken te leren. Dit kon dankzij een door de overheid ingesteld nationaal stipendium, een primeur. De zoo?logen die daarvan terugkwamen, overtuigden de Nederlandse staat vervolgens om een eigen zoo?logisch station te steunen. In Den Helder kwam zo?n station tot stand dat visserijproblemen in de Rijn en de Noordzee te lijf ging. Plantenembryologen zetten in diezelfde periode in Buitenzorg (nu Bogor) in Nederlands-Indie? een groot botanisch-agronomisch instituut op, inclusief internationaal bezoekersstation, met grote gevolgen voor de koloniale economie. Dit is de biografie van vier biologen (Pieter Harting, Ambrosius Hubrecht, Paulus Hoek en Melchior Treub) en hun lobby voor nationale en koloniale laboratoriumwetenschap.

Semiology. Diagnosis. Symptomatology --- Hubrecht, Ambrosius --- Hoek, Paulus --- Treub, Melchior --- Harting, Pieter --- Indonesia

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Mathematical logic --- Logic --- Complex analysis --- Computer science --- Programming --- Computer architecture. Operating systems --- Computer. Automation --- complexe analyse (wiskunde) --- ontwerpen --- programmeren (informatica) --- programmeertalen --- wiskunde --- software engineering --- computernetwerken