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Civil law --- Roman law --- 34 <37> --- 34 <37> Romeins recht --(algemeen-voor verdere onderafdelingen z.o:{341 <37>}; {342 <37>}; {343 <37>};{347.1 <37>}; {?347.2 <37>: 347.6 <37>}; {347.62 <37>} --- Romeins recht --(algemeen-voor verdere onderafdelingen z.o:{341 <37>}; {342 <37>}; {343 <37>};{347.1 <37>}; {?347.2 <37>: 347.6 <37>}; {347.62 <37>} --- Civil law (Roman law) --- Law --- Law, Roman --- Law, Civil --- Private law --- History --- Reception --- History. --- Droit romain --- Droit civil --- Réception --- Histoire
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Burden of proof --- Evidence, Criminal --- Judgments, Criminal --- Religion and law --- Law --- Law and religion --- Convictions (Law) --- Criminal judgments --- Judgments of conviction --- Criminal courts --- Criminal procedure --- Criminal evidence --- Criminal investigation --- Evidence (Law) --- Reasonable doubt --- Onus probandi --- Proof, Burden of --- Trial practice --- Presumption of innocence --- Moral and ethical aspects --- History. --- Religious aspects --- Law and legislation --- Moral and ethical aspects&delete& --- History --- Fardeau de la preuve --- Preuve (droit pénal) --- Jugements criminels --- Religion et droit --- Aspect moral --- Histoire. --- Preuve (droit pénal)
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Introduction. 1. Degradation, Harshness, and Mercy. 2. Contemporary American Harshness: Rejecting Respect for Persons. 3. Continental Dignity and Mildness. 4. The Continental Abolition of Degradation. 5. Low Status in the Anglo-American World. Conclusion: Two Revolutions of Status. Notes. Bibliography. Index
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Today, war is considered a last resort for resolving disagreements. But a day of staged slaughter on the battlefield was once seen as a legitimate means of settling political disputes. James Whitman argues that pitched battle was essentially a trial with a lawful verdict. And when this contained form of battle ceased to exist, the law of victory gave way to the rule of unbridled force. The Verdict of Battle explains why the ritualized violence of the past was more effective than modern warfare in bringing carnage to an end, and why humanitarian laws that cling to a notion of war as evil have led to longer, more barbaric conflicts. Belief that sovereigns could, by rights, wage war for profit made the eighteenth century battle's golden age. A pitched battle was understood as a kind of legal proceeding in which both sides agreed to be bound by the result. To the victor went the spoils, including the fate of kingdoms. But with the nineteenth-century decline of monarchical legitimacy and the rise of republican sentiment, the public no longer accepted the verdict of pitched battles. Ideology rather than politics became war's just cause. And because modern humanitarian law provided no means for declaring a victor or dispensing spoils at the end of battle, the violence of war dragged on. The most dangerous wars, Whitman asserts in this iconoclastic tour de force, are the lawless wars we wage today to remake the world in the name of higher moral imperatives.
War --- Combat --- Battles --- Military art and science --- War (International law) --- Military ethics --- Ethics --- Hostilities --- International law --- Neutrality --- Fighting --- History --- Military history --- Sieges --- Military combat --- Dueling --- Wager of battle --- War and morals --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Europe --- History, Military
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"Nazism triumphed in Germany during the high era of Jim Crow laws in the United States. Did the American regime of racial oppression in any way inspire the Nazis? The unsettling answer is yes. In Hitler's American Model, James Whitman presents a detailed investigation of the American impact on the notorious Nuremberg Laws, the centerpiece anti-Jewish legislation of the Nazi regime. Contrary to those who have insisted that there was no meaningful connection between American and German racial repression, Whitman demonstrates that the Nazis took a real, sustained, significant, and revealing interest in American race policies. As Whitman shows, the Nuremberg Laws were crafted in an atmosphere of considerable attention to the precedents American race laws had to offer. German praise for American practices, already found in Hitler's Mein Kampf, was continuous throughout the early 1930s, and the most radical Nazi lawyers were eager advocates of the use of American models. But while Jim Crow segregation was one aspect of American law that appealed to Nazi radicals, it was not the most consequential one. Rather, both American citizenship and anti-miscegenation laws proved directly relevant to the two principal Nuremberg Laws--the Citizenship Law and the Blood Law. Whitman looks at the ultimate, ugly irony that when Nazis rejected American practices, it was sometimes not because they found them too enlightened, but too harsh. Indelibly linking American race laws to the shaping of Nazi policies in Germany, Hitler's American Model upends understandings of America's influence on racist practices in the wider world"--
Jews --- Race defilement (Nuremberg Laws of 1935) --- Race discrimination --- Citizenship --- National socialism --- Antisemitism --- Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- African Americans --- Segregation --- Bias, Racial --- Discrimination, Racial --- Race bias --- Racial bias --- Racial discrimination --- Discrimination --- Desegregation --- Minorities --- Catastrophe, Jewish (1939-1945) --- Destruction of the Jews (1939-1945) --- Extermination, Jewish (1939-1945) --- Holocaust, Nazi --- Ḥurban (1939-1945) --- Ḥurbn (1939-1945) --- Jewish Catastrophe (1939-1945) --- Jewish Holocaust (1939-1945) --- Nazi Holocaust --- Nazi persecution of Jews --- Shoʾah (1939-1945) --- Genocide --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Kindertransports (Rescue operations) --- Nazism --- Authoritarianism --- Fascism --- Nazis --- Neo-Nazism --- Totalitarianism --- Birthright citizenship --- Citizenship (International law) --- National citizenship --- Nationality (Citizenship) --- Political science --- Public law --- Allegiance --- Civics --- Domicile --- Political rights --- Racial defilement (Nuremberg Laws of 1935) --- Racial infamy (Nuremberg Laws of 1935) --- Rassenschande (Nuremberg Laws of 1935) --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- Legal status, laws, etc --- History --- Law and legislation --- Segregation&delete& --- Nazi persecution --- Persecutions --- Atrocities --- Jewish resistance --- Causes --- Hitler, Adolf --- Political and social views. --- History of the law --- History of Germany and Austria --- anno 1930-1939 --- anno 1940-1949 --- United States --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Blacks --- Black people --- Holocaust, Nazi (Jewish Holocaust) --- Nazi Holocaust (Jewish Holocaust) --- Nazi persecution (1939-1945) --- Gitler, Adolʹf, --- Hsi-tʻe-le, --- Hitlar, ʼAdolf, --- Chitler, Adolphos, --- Hitler, Adolph, --- Khitler, Adolf, --- Hitlerus, Adolfus, --- Hiṭlar, Aṭālpu, --- היטלר --- היטלר, אדולף, --- United States of America
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