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S11/0470 --- S11/0494 --- S11/0505 --- S11/0830 --- Manpower policy --- -Occupational mobility --- -Occupations --- -#SML: Joseph Spae --- Career patterns --- Careers --- Jobs --- Trades --- Handicraft --- Vocational guidance --- Work --- Job mobility --- Mobility, Occupational --- Social mobility --- Employment policy --- Human resource development --- Labor market --- Labor market policy --- Manpower utilization --- Labor policy --- Labor supply --- Trade adjustment assistance --- China: Social sciences--Cities: since 1949 --- China: Social sciences--Society since 1949 --- China: Social sciences--Daily life: 1949 - 1966 --- China: Social sciences--Labour conditions and trade unions: since 1949 --- Government policy --- Occupational mobility --- Occupations --- #SML: Joseph Spae

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The tumult of the Cultural Revolution after 1966 is often blamed on a few leaders in Beijing, or on long-term egalitarian ideals, or on communist or Chinese political cultures. Lynn White shows, however, that the chaos resulted mainly from reactions by masses of individuals and small groups to three specific policies of administrative manipulation: labeling groups, designating bosses, and legitimating violence in political campaigns. These habits of local organization were common after 1949 and gave the state success in short-term revolutionary aims, despite scarce resources and staff--but they also drove millions to attack each other later.First, measures accumulated before 1966 to give people bad or good names (such as "rightist" or "worker"); these set a family's access to employment, education, residence, and rations--so they gave interests to potential conflict groups. Second, policies for bossism went far beyond Confucian patronage patterns, making work units tightly dependent on Party monitors--so rational individuals either pandered to local bosses or (when they could) deposed them. Third, the institutionalized violence of political campaigns both mobilized activists and scared others into compliance. These organizational measures were often effective in the short run before 1966 but accumulated social costs that China paid later. The book ends with comparisons to past cases of mass urban ostracism in other countries, and it suggests how such tragedies may be forecast or prevented in the future.Originally published in 1989.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

S06/1050 --- S06/0421 --- S06/0425 --- S06/1040 --- China: Politics and government--The First Years of the Cultural Revolution (1966-69) --- China: Politics and government--CCP: 1949 - 1966 --- China: Politics and government--Organization and structure of the CCP --- China: Politics and government--Socialist Education Movement (1962-65) --- S04/0921 --- S11/0900 --- S06/0422 --- S02/0200 --- China: History--PRC: 1966 - 1976 --- China: Social sciences--Social pathology, social deviance (incl. infanticide, abandoned children, hoodlums) --- China: Politics and government--CCP: 1966 - 1976 --- China: General works--Civilization and culture --- China --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- Chine --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- Politics and government --- -History --- -Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976. --- History --- Histoire --- Politique et gouvernement --- China -- History -- Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976. --- China -- Politics and government -- 1949-1976.

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Why have Taiwan, rich parts of China, and Thailand boomed famously, while the Philippines has long remained stagnant both economically and politically? Do booms abet democracy? Does the rise of middle "classes" promise future liberalization? Why has Philippine democracy brought no boom and barely served the Filipino people? This book, unlike most previous studies, shows that both the roots and results of growth are largely political rather than economic. Specifically, it pays attention to local, not just national, power networks that caused or prevented growth in the four places under consider

Power (Social sciences) --- Democracy --- Political corruption --- Boss rule --- Corruption (in politics) --- Graft in politics --- Malversation --- Political scandals --- Politics, Practical --- Corruption --- Misconduct in office --- Empowerment (Social sciences) --- Political power --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Political science --- Social sciences --- Sociology --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Corrupt practices --- Asia --- Politics and government --- Economic conditions

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Entrepreneurship --- -Local government --- -Law reform --- -Political planning --- -Politics and culture --- -Power (Social sciences) --- -China --- Economic policy --- -Entrepreneurship --- Economic policy -

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Hong Kong (China) --- Shanghai (China) --- Changhaï (China) --- Ṣămhayi (China) --- Shang-hai (China) --- Shang hai shi (China) --- Shanghai --- Shanghai Municipality (China) --- Shanghai Shi (China) --- Shanghai Shi ren min zheng fu (China) --- Shankhaĭ (China) --- Xangai (China) --- 上海 (China) --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (China) --- Xiang gang te bie xing zheng qu (China) --- 香港特別行政區 (China) --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo Hsiang-kang tʻe pieh hsing cheng chʻü --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo Xiang gang te bie xing zheng qu --- 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區 --- HKSAR (China) --- Hsiang-kang tʻe pieh hsing cheng chʻü (China) --- Xianggang (China) --- 香港 (China) --- Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu (China) --- Hong Kong S.A.R. (China) --- Hong Kong --- Social policy. --- S03/0633 --- S10/0440 --- S11/0550 --- S11/0732 --- S14/0454 --- S20/1040 --- S21/0500 --- S27/0800 --- S27/0815 --- China: Geography, description and travel--Shanghai (incl. concessions) --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--Real estate --- China: Social sciences--Social welfare system --- China: Social sciences--Elderly people --- China: Education--Education: since 1989 --- China: Agriculture forestry, fishery, natural disasters--Famine and famine relief --- China: Medicine, public health and food--Public health, hospitals, medical schools, etc --- Hong Kong--Society in general --- Hong Kong--Society in transition --- SOCIAL SCIENCE --- Ethnic Studies --- General. --- Chang-hai (China) --- Schanghai (China) --- 上海市(China) --- 上海市人民政府 (China) --- Шанхай (China) --- Śangqai (China)