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The mechanics of space flight is an old discipline. Its topic originally was the motion of planets, moons and other celestial bodies in gravitational fields. Kepler's (1571 - 1630) observations and measurements have led to probably the first mathematical description of planet's motion. Newton (1642 - 1727) gave then, with the development of his principles of mechanics, the physical explanation of these motions. Since then man has started in the second half of the 20th century to capture physically the Space in the sense that he did develop artificial celestial bodies, which he brought into Earth's orbits, like satellites or space stations, or which he did send to planets or moons of our planetary system, like probes, or by which people were brought to the moon and back, like capsules. Further he developed an advanced space transportation system, the U.S. Space Shuttle Orbiter, which is the only winged space vehicle ever in operation. Today it is no problem to solve the governing equations in the most general form using discrete numerical methods. The numerical approximation schemes, the computer power and the modern storage capacity are in such an advanced state, that solutions with high degree of accuracy can be obtained in a few seconds. Therefore the general practice in this book is to provide numerical solutions for all discussed topics and problems. This could be the orbit determination by the orbital elements, Lagrange's perturbation equations for disturbed Earth's orbits, the flight of a mass point in flight path coordinates (three degree of freedom), and the flight of a controlled space vehicle in body fixed coordinates (six degree of freedom). This book has been written not only for graduate and doctoral students but also for non-specialists who may be interested in this subject or concerned with space flight mechanics.

Celestial mechanics. --- Orbital mechanics. --- Space flight. --- Orbital mechanics --- Space flight --- Celestial mechanics --- Mechanical Engineering --- Aeronautics Engineering & Astronautics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Astrophysics. --- Aeronautics. --- Aerostation --- Air navigation --- Aviation --- Astronomical physics --- Engineering. --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy --- Space sciences. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Automotive engineering. --- Aerospace engineering. --- Astronautics. --- Aerospace Technology and Astronautics. --- Automotive Engineering. --- Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences. --- Engineering Fluid Dynamics. --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Observations. --- Communication and traffic --- Aerodynamics --- Airships --- Astronautics --- Balloons --- Flight --- Flying-machines --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Space sciences --- Aeronautics --- Astrodynamics --- Space vehicles --- Astronomy—Observations. --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Aeronautical engineering

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The mechanics of similarity encompasses the analysis of dimensions, performed by various procedures, the gasdynamic similarity and the model technology. The analysis of dimensions delivers the dimensionless numbers by which specific physical challenges can be described with a reduced number of variables. Thereby the assessment of physical problems is facilitated. For fluid dynamics and all sorts of heat transfer the discipline of the mechanics of similarity was so important in the past, that the historical background is highlighted of all the persons who have contributed to the development of this discipline. The goal of the classical gasdynamic similarity was to find rules, which enables the aerodynamic engineer to perform transformations from existing flow fields to others, which meet geometrical and other specific flow field parameters. Most of these rules and findings do no longer play a role today, because a lot of potent experimental and theoretical/numerical methods are now available. This problem is addressed in the book. A recent investigation regarding the longitudinal aerodynamics of space vehicles has revealed, that there exist other astonishing similarities for hypersonic and supersonic flight Mach numbers. It seems, that obviously most of the longitudinal aerodynamics is independent from the geometrical configurations of the space vehicle considered, if a simple transformation is applied. A section of this book is devoted to these new findings.

Aerodynamics. --- Aerodynamics, Subsonic --- Airplanes --- Streamlining --- Subsonic aerodynamics --- Dynamics --- Fluid dynamics --- Gas dynamics --- Pneumatics --- Aeronautics --- Wind tunnels --- Aerodynamics --- Continuum physics. --- Thermodynamics. --- Heat engineering. --- Heat transfer. --- Mass transfer. --- Aerospace engineering. --- Astronautics. --- Classical and Continuum Physics. --- Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer. --- Aerospace Technology and Astronautics. --- Space sciences --- Astrodynamics --- Space flight --- Space vehicles --- Aeronautical engineering --- Astronautics --- Engineering --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Thermodynamics --- Transport theory --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer --- Heat --- Mechanical engineering --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Classical field theory --- Continuum physics --- Continuum mechanics

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The mechanics of space flight is an old discipline. Its topic originally was the motion of planets, moons and other celestial bodies in gravitational fields. Kepler's (1571 - 1630) observations and measurements have led to probably the first mathematical description of planet's motion. Newton (1642 - 1727) gave then, with the development of his principles of mechanics, the physical explanation of these motions. Since then man has started in the second half of the 20th century to capture physically the Space in the sense that he did develop artificial celestial bodies, which he brought into Earth's orbits, like satellites or space stations, or which he did send to planets or moons of our planetary system, like probes, or by which people were brought to the moon and back, like capsules. Further he developed an advanced space transportation system, the U.S. Space Shuttle Orbiter, which is the only winged space vehicle ever in operation. Today it is no problem to solve the governing equations in the most general form using discrete numerical methods. The numerical approximation schemes, the computer power and the modern storage capacity are in such an advanced state, that solutions with high degree of accuracy can be obtained in a few seconds. Therefore the general practice in this book is to provide numerical solutions for all discussed topics and problems. This could be the orbit determination by the orbital elements, Lagrange's perturbation equations for disturbed Earth's orbits, the flight of a mass point in flight path coordinates (three degree of freedom), and the flight of a controlled space vehicle in body fixed coordinates (six degree of freedom). This book has been written not only for graduate and doctoral students but also for non-specialists who may be interested in this subject or concerned with space flight mechanics.

Space research --- Astronomy --- Fluid mechanics --- Applied physical engineering --- Transport engineering --- Air traffic --- astronauten --- engineering --- luchtvaart --- motorrijtuigen --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- ruimtevaart --- astronomie --- vloeistoffen

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This volume addresses selected aerothermodynamic design problems for three vehicle classes: winged reentry, non-winged reentry, and airbreathing hypersonic flight vehicles. Following an introductory chapter, the book presents the basics of flight trajectory mechanics, giving the aerothermodynamicist an understanding of the principal issues relevant to the field. In the following chapters, specific aerothermodynamic phenomena are discussed for the three vehicle classes, major simulation problems are singled out, and particular trends are examined. Available coefficients of longitudinal motion are presented for a variety of shapes of operational and studied vehicles, and aerothermodynamic issues of stabilization, trim, and control devices are treated. A full chapter is devoted to describing equations for aerodynamic forces, moments, center of pressure, trim, and stability. Another chapter focuses on multidisciplinary design aspects, presenting the mathematical models and the coupling procedures in detail. Other chapters address the thermal state of a vehicle surface, thermal loads, and thermal surface effects, which are among the major topics of hypersonic vehicle design. The governing equations for flow in thermo-chemical non-equilibrium are presented, along with properties of the earth’s atmosphere. Finally, constants and dimensions, symbol definitions, a glossary, acronyms, and a solution guide to problems are provided. This book will be a great boon to graduate students, doctoral students, design and development engineers, and technical managers alike.

Aerodynamics, Hypersonic. --- Aerothermodynamics. --- Hypersonic planes -- Design and construction. --- Aerothermodynamics --- Aerodynamics, Hypersonic --- Hypersonic planes --- Mechanical Engineering --- Aeronautics Engineering & Astronautics --- Automotive Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Design and construction --- Design and construction. --- Hypersonic aircraft --- Planes, Hypersonic --- Aerodynamics of hypersonic flight --- Hypersonic aerodynamics --- Hypersonic speeds --- Hypersonics --- Thermoaerodynamics --- Engineering. --- Computational intelligence. --- Automotive engineering. --- Automotive Engineering. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Airplanes --- High-speed aeronautics --- Aerodynamics, Supersonic --- Mach number --- Sound pressure --- Aerodynamics, Transonic --- Astronautics --- Thermodynamics

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Space research --- Astronomy --- Fluid mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Materials sciences --- Heat engines. Steam engines --- Applied physical engineering --- Air traffic --- Fuels --- thermodynamica --- engineering --- luchtvaart --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- fysica --- ruimtevaart --- mechanica --- warmteoverdracht