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In the global economy, linguistic diversity influences economic and political development as well as public policies in positive and negative ways. It leads to financial costs, communication barriers, divisions in national unity, and, in some extreme cases, conflicts and war--but it also produces benefits related to group and individual identity. What are the specific advantages and disadvantages of linguistic diversity and how does it influence social and economic progress? This book examines linguistic diversity as a global social phenomenon and considers what degree of linguistic variety might result in the greatest economic good. Victor Ginsburgh and Shlomo Weber look at linguistic proximity between groups and between languages. They describe and use simple economic, linguistic, and statistical tools to measure diversity's impact on growth, development, trade, the quality of institutions, translation issues, voting patterns in multinational competitions, and the likelihood and intensity of civil conflicts. They address the choosing of core languages in a multilingual community, such as the European Union, and argue that although too many official languages might harm cohesiveness, efficiency, and communication, reducing their number brings about alienation and disenfranchisement of groups. Demonstrating that the value and drawbacks of linguistic diversity are universal, How Many Languages Do We Need? suggests ways for designing appropriate linguistic policies for today's multilingual world.

Language and languages. --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Linguistics --- Sociolinguistics. --- Language and languages --- Characterology of speech --- Language diversity --- Language subsystems --- Language variation --- Linguistic diversity --- Variation in language --- Language and society --- Society and language --- Sociology of language --- Language and culture --- Sociology --- Integrational linguistics (Oxford school) --- Economic aspects. --- Variation. --- Social aspects --- Sociological aspects --- Sociolinguistics --- Variation --- Economic aspects --- E-books --- 202 --- 8 --- AA / International- internationaal --- 800 --- 800 Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek --- Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek --- Filologie. Letterkunde. --- Philologie. Littérature. --- Philology. Literature. --- 8 Filologie. Letterkunde. --- 8 Philologie. Littérature. --- 8 Philology. Literature. --- Sociale organisatie --- Filologie. Letterkunde --- European Union. --- Eurovision Song Contest. --- Newton's law. --- communication indices. --- core language. --- cultural distance. --- culture. --- disenfranchisement indices. --- disenfranchisement. --- economic progress. --- efficiency. --- foreign language. --- fractionalization indices. --- genetics. --- global economy. --- group identity. --- individual identity. --- inter-country differences. --- international trade. --- language learning. --- language policy. --- language proficiency. --- language standardization. --- language. --- linguistic distance. --- linguistic diversity. --- linguistic policy. --- literary translation. --- migration. --- multilingual community. --- multilingualism. --- polarization indices. --- universal gravitation. --- voting behavior. --- Variation (Linguistique) --- Langage et langues --- Sociolinguistique --- Aspect économique --- Economic order --- LINGUISTIC POLICIES -- 301.188.2 --- Language and languages Economic aspects --- Language and languages - Variation --- Language and languages - Economic aspects

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Zonder onderwerpscode: economie

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The Handbook represents a comprehensive study of the Russian economy. Written by a team of distinguished Russian and western authors, the chapters analyze the current economic situation, trace the impact of Soviet legacies and of post-Soviet transition, examine social challenges, and propose directions for reforms. The Handbook begins with economic history of Russia, particularly the Soviet period, and then surveys the developments since the breakup of the Soviet Union. The next set of chapters describes Russia’s current institutional environment, including surveys of corporate governance, taxation, the informal sector, and corruption. This is followed by the analysis of economic branches starting with the crucial natural resource sectors and proceeding to the other key sectors such as the military-industrial complex, railroads, research and development, and agriculture. The effect of industry on the environment is also evaluated. While the branches of the “real” sector bear heavy Soviet legacy, the financial and foreign trade sectors analyzed next represent a dramatic departure from the Soviet experience. The last two parts of the Handbook are devoted to regional dimensions and to social policy challenges in labor market, higher education, healthcare, and the demographic situation. While a few chapters reflect positive views on certain aspects of the economy and institutions such as corporate governance and the tax system, most authors stress the seriousness of challenges facing Russia and the necessity but also difficulties of reforms. The analysis and policy proposals in this Handbook will be useful to the readers interested in Russia and to Russia’s policy makers.

Economic development --- Développement économique --- Russia (Federation) --- Russie --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Conditions économiques --- Politique économique --- -Russia (Federation) --- -Economic development --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- -Economic policy --- -E-books --- 331.32 --- 331.30 --- RU / Russia - Rusland - Russie --- Structuur van de economie. --- Economische toestand. --- Développement économique --- Conditions économiques --- Politique économique --- Economische toestand --- Structuur van de economie --- E-books

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In this paper we examine economic disparities across regions in Russia and offer a theoretical treatment of various transfer rules between different regions. We analyze the principle of partial equalization, which implies that the more depressed regions should be subsidized by the more advantaged regions, but, the burden on more prosperous regions should not be excessive. Although, contrary to the partial equalization principle, the gaps between the richer and poorer regions have widened since the transition, there are some signs that this trend could be reversed.

Budgeting --- Investments: General --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- State and Local Budget and Expenditures --- State and Local Government --- Intergovernmental Relations: Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects --- Economywide Country Studies: Europe --- Economywide Country Studies: Asia including Middle East --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Fiscal Policy --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Budgeting & financial management --- Expenditure --- Budget planning and preparation --- Fiscal union --- Capital accumulation --- Revenue administration --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Fiscal policy --- National accounts --- Expenditures, Public --- Budget --- Saving and investment --- Revenue --- Russian Federation

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Industrial economics --- Europe