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The impact of robots on employment and trade is a highly discussed topic in the academic and public debates. Particularly, there are concerns that automation may threat jobs in emerging countries given the erosion of the labour cost advantage. We provide evidence on the effects of robots on worldwide employment, including emerging economies. To instrument the use of robots, we introduce an index of technical progress, defined as the ability of robots to carry out different tasks. Robots turn out to have a significantly negative impact on worldwide employment. While it is small in developed countries, fore merging economies it amounts to -11 per cent between 2005 and 2014. However, here, there appear positive spillovers especially from robotisation in manufacturing on employment outside manufacturing. Furthermore, we assess cross-country effects, finding that robots in developed countries decrease off-shoring just as employment in emerging economies.
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German wages have not increased very rapidly in the last decade despite strong employment growth and a 5 percentage point decline in the unemployment rate. Our analysis shows that a large part of the decline in unemployment was structural. Micro-founded Phillips curves fit the German data rather well and suggest that relatively low wage growth can be largely attributed to low inflation expectations and low productivity growth. There is no evidence – from either aggregate or micro-level administrative data – that large immigration flows since 2012 have had dampening effects on aggregate wage growth, as complementarity effects offset composition and competition effects.
Labor --- Emigration and Immigration --- 'Panel Data Models --- Spatio-temporal Models' --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: General --- International Migration --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Wage Level and Structure --- Wage Differentials --- Labour --- income economics --- Migration, immigration & emigration --- Wages --- Migration --- Labor markets --- Unemployment --- Unemployment rate --- Population and demographics --- Emigration and immigration --- Labor market --- Germany
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German wages have not increased very rapidly in the last decade despite strong employment growth and a 5 percentage point decline in the unemployment rate. Our analysis shows that a large part of the decline in unemployment was structural. Micro-founded Phillips curves fit the German data rather well and suggest that relatively low wage growth can be largely attributed to low inflation expectations and low productivity growth. There is no evidence – from either aggregate or micro-level administrative data – that large immigration flows since 2012 have had dampening effects on aggregate wage growth, as complementarity effects offset composition and competition effects.
Germany --- Labor --- Emigration and Immigration --- 'Panel Data Models --- Spatio-temporal Models' --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: General --- International Migration --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Wage Level and Structure --- Wage Differentials --- Labour --- income economics --- Migration, immigration & emigration --- Wages --- Migration --- Labor markets --- Unemployment --- Unemployment rate --- Population and demographics --- Emigration and immigration --- Labor market
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Weiterbildungsangebote für nicht formal Qualifizierte müssen besonders lernergerecht aufgestellt werden, um erfolgreich zu sein. Im Projekt Pro-up wurde ein Konzept eruiert sowie erprobt und ein Rahmen für die Implementierung in die Bildungspraxis erarbeitet. Die Bildungsmaßnahmen richten sich an Lernende mit niedriger beruflicher Grundbildung, Lernentwöhnung und negativen Lernerfahrungen. Sie sollen durch Weiterbildungssettings aktiviert werden, deren zentrales Element eine Lernprozessbegleitung ist, die zusammen von Bildungsdienstleister und Betrieb durchgeführt wird. In den umfangreichen Feldstudien haben sich digitale Medien und Blended Learning in Kombination mit Präsenzunterricht als optimales Angebot für die Zielgruppe herausgestellt. Das Konzept wurde mehrfach bundesweit in fünf Arbeitsagenturbezirken erprobt. Das Projekt "Innovative Weiterbildungsangebote für nicht formal Qualifizierte" (Pro-up) wurde durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) gefördert und vom Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB) sowie der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) begleitet. Der Open-Access-Band "Nicht formal Qualifizierte arbeitsplatznah weiterbilden" informiert über die Umsetzung der Lernformate.
Alphabetisierung --- Arbeitslose --- Benachteiligte --- Benachteiligtenförderung --- Benachteiligtenförderung in der Berufsausbildung --- Berufliche Aus- und Weiterbildung --- Berufs- und Wirtschaftspädagogik --- Berufsabschluss --- Beschäftigungsfähigkeit --- Beschäftigungsfähigkeit - Förderung --- Blended Learning --- Blended-Learning --- Digitale Medien --- Eingliederung Arbeitsloser --- Fachkräfte sichern --- Fachkräftemangel --- Fachkräftesicherung --- Grundbildung --- Lebenslanges Lernen --- Lernarrangement --- Lernarrangements --- Lernerfahrung --- Lernmotivation --- Lernmotive Erwachsener --- Lernprozess --- Lernprozesse --- Lernprozesse und -begleitung --- Teilhabe --- Wettbewerbsfähigkeit
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