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The fundamental principle of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics were introduced by Wang in 2007 and 2010, respectively. Due to the polarization of ions in a crystal that has non-central symmetry in materials, such as the wurtzite structured ZnO, GaN and InN, a piezoelectric potential (piezopotential) is created in the crystal by applying a stress. Owing to the simultaneous possession of piezoelectricity and semiconductor properties, the piezopotential created in the crystal has a strong effect on the carrier transport at the interface/junction. Piezotronics is for devices fabricated using the piezopotential as a “gate” voltage to control charge carrier transport at a contact or junction. The piezo-phototronic effect uses the piezopotential to control the carrier generation, transport, separation and/or recombination for improving the performance of optoelectronic devices, such as photon detector, solar cell and LED. The functionality offered by piezotroics and piezo-phototronics are complimentary to CMOS technology. There is an effective integration of piezotronic and piezo-phototronic devices with silicon based CMOS technology. Unique applications can be found in areas such as human-computer interfacing, sensing and actuating in nanorobotics, smart and personalized electronic signatures, smart MEMS/NEMS, nanorobotics and energy sciences. This book introduces the fundamentals of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics and advanced applications. It gives guidance to researchers, engineers and graduate students.

Piezoelectricity. --- Piezoelectric devices. --- Piezo-electricity --- Piezoelectric effect --- Pyro- and piezo-electricity --- Detectors -- Design and construction. --- Materials science. --- Condensed matter. --- Electronic circuits. --- Nanotechnology. --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Materials Science. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Electronic Circuits and Devices. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Nanotechnology and Microengineering. --- Dielectric devices --- Ferroelectric devices --- Crystallography --- Electricity --- Pyroelectricity --- Engineering. --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Optics --- Materials --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- New optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes --- Electronics --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Electronic materials --- Microtechnology.

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In this book the theories, techniques and applications of reflection electron microscopy (REM), reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS) are comprehensively reviewed for the first time. The book is divided into three parts: diffraction, imaging and spectroscopy. The text is written to combine basic techniques with special applications, theories with experiments, and the basic physics with materials science, so that a full picture of RHEED and REM emerges. An entirely self-contained study, the book contains much invaluable reference material, including FORTRAN source codes for calculating crystal structures data and electron energy loss spectra in different scattering geometries. This and many other features make the book an important and timely addition to the materials science literature.

Materials --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Reflection electron microscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Analysis.

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Nanostructured materials take on an enormously rich variety of properties and promise exciting new advances in micromechanical, electronic, and magnetic devices as well as in molecular fabrications. The structure-composition-processing-property relationships for these sub 100 nm-sized materials can only be understood by employing an array of modern microscopy and microanalysis tools. Handbook of Microscopy for Nanotechnology aims to provide an overview of the basics and applications of various microscopy techniques for nanotechnology. This handbook highlights various key microcopic techniques and their applications in this fast-growing field. Topics to be covered include the following: scanning near field optical microscopy, confocal optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, scanning turning microscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, orientational imaging microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, environmental transmission electron microscopy, quantitative electron diffraction, Lorentz microscopy, electron holography, 3-D transmission electron microscopy, high-spatial resolution quantitative microanalysis, electron-energy-loss spectroscopy and spectral imaging, focused ion beam, secondary ion microscopy, and field ion microscopy.

Experimental solid state physics --- Nanostructured materials --- Nanotechnology --- Nanomatériaux --- Nanotechnologie --- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Guides, manuels, etc. --- Nanostructured materials -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Nanotechnology -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Nanotechnology. --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Materials Science --- Nanomatériaux --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVCHIMI SPRINGER-B --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- Nanomaterials --- Nanometer materials --- Nanophase materials --- Nanostructure controlled materials --- Nanostructure materials --- Ultra-fine microstructure materials --- Materials science. --- Analytical chemistry. --- Condensed matter. --- Materials Science. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Analytical Chemistry. --- High technology --- Microstructure --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Analytical biochemistry. --- Analytic biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Bioanalytic chemistry --- Bioanalytical chemistry --- Analytical chemistry

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Devices built from three-dimensional nanoarchitectures offer a number of advantages over those based on thin-film technology, such as larger surface area to enhance the sensitivity of sensors, to collect more sunlight to improve the efficiency of solar cells, and to supply higher density emitters for increased resolution in flat panel displays. Three-dimensional nanoscale assembly has already been used to generate many prototypes of devices and sensors, including piezoelectric nanogenerators based on ZnO nanowire arrays, photovoltaic devices based on silicon nanowire array p-n junctions, and highly sensitive gas sensors based on metal oxide nanowire arrays among others. Three-Dimensional Nanoarchitectures: Designing Next-Generation Devices describes state-of-the-art synthesis, integration, and design strategies used to create three-dimensional nanoarchitectures for functional nanodevice applications. With a focus on synthesis and fabrication methods for three-dimensional nanostructure assembly and construction, coverage includes resonators, nanophotonics, sensors, supercapacitors, solar cells, and more. This book is an essential reference for a broad audience of researchers in materials science, chemistry, physics, and electrical engineering who want the latest information on synthesis routes and assembly methods. Schematics of device integration and mechanisms as well as plots of measurement data are included.

Nanotechnology --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Technology - General --- Materials Science --- Nanotechnology. --- Nanostructures. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- Materials science. --- Nanochemistry. --- Condensed matter. --- Electrical engineering. --- Materials Science. --- Nanotechnology and Microengineering. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Electrical Engineering. --- High technology --- Nanoscience --- Physics --- Engineering. --- Computer engineering. --- Computers --- Nanoscale chemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Design and construction --- Analytical chemistry --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Electric engineering --- Engineering

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Measuring methods in physics --- Electronics and optics of solids --- Materials sciences --- Electrical engineering --- Chemical technology --- meetmethoden --- materiaalkennis --- nanotechniek --- transistoren --- halfgeleiders