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Algebraic number theory. --- Number theory --- Parallel processing (Electronic computers) --- Computer multitasking --- Mathematics.

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Handbook of Truly Concurrent Process Algebra provides readers with a detailed and in-depth explanation of the algebra used for concurrent computing. This complete handbook is divided into five Parts: Algebraic Theory for Reversible Computing, Probabilistic Process Algebra for True Concurrency, Actors - A Process Algebra-Based Approach, Secure Process Algebra, and Verification of Patterns. The author demonstrates actor models which are captured using the following characteristics: Concurrency, Asynchrony, Uniqueness, Concentration, Communication Dependency, Abstraction, and Persistence. Truly concurrent process algebras are generalizations of the corresponding traditional process algebras. Handbook of Truly Concurrent Process Algebra introduces several advanced extensions and applications of truly concurrent process algebras. Part 1: Algebraic Theory for Reversible Computing provides readers with all aspects of algebraic theory for reversible computing, including the basis of semantics, calculi for reversible computing, and axiomatization for reversible computing. Part 2: Probabilistic Process Algebra for True Concurrency provides readers with all aspects of probabilistic process algebra for true concurrency, including the basis of semantics, calculi for probabilistic computing, axiomatization for probabilistic computing, as well as mobile calculi for probabilistic computing. Part 3: Actors - A Process Algebra-Based Approach bridges the two concurrent models, process algebra and actors, by capturing the actor model in the following characteristics: Concurrency, Asynchrony, Uniqueness, Concentration, Communication Dependency, Abstraction, and Persistence. Part 4: Secure Process Algebra demonstrates the advantages of process algebra in verifying security protocols - it has a firmly theoretic foundation and rich expressive powers to describe security protocols. Part 5: Verification of Patterns formalizes software patterns according to the categories of the patterns and verifies the correctness of patterns based on truly concurrent process algebra. Every pattern is detailed according to a regular format to be understood and utilized easily, which includes introduction to a pattern and its verifications. Patterns of the vertical domains are also provided, including the domains of networked objects and resource management. To help readers develop and implement the software patterns scientifically, the pattern languages are also presented. Presents all aspects of full algebraic reversible computing, including the basis of semantics, calculi for full reversible computing, and axiomatization for full reversible computing Introduces algebraic properties and laws for probabilistic computing, one of the foundational concepts of Computer Science Presents the calculi for probabilistic computing, including the basis of semantics and calculi for reversible computing.

Computer multitasking --- Algebra. --- Mathematics.

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Calcium signaling plays an important role in cellular responses in almost all types of cells including airway smooth muscle cells. This universal signaling may result from extracellular calcium influx and/or intracellular calcium release, which are precisely controlled and regulated by ion channels, exchangers and/or transporters on the plasmalemmal or sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. First, several chapters detail calcium release channels (ryanodine receptors and inositol trisphosphate receptors), voltage-dependent potassium channels, transient receptor potential channels, Orai channels, calcium-activated potassium channels, and calcium-activated chloride channels. Discussion of well-characterized sodium-calcium exchangers, voltage-dependent calcium channels, and calcium pumps are described in depth over many chapters.    Ca2+ signaling can be expressed in Ca2+ sparks, waves, oscillations, and global changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Calcium in subcellular compartments (cytosol, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and caveolae) also exhibit dynamic crosstalk. Many molecules including FK506 binding proteins, cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose, reactive oxygen species, RhoA kinases, caveolin and integrins can modify and induce spatial, temporal and compartmental variations of calcium signaling. In addition, calcium signaling can exhibit sex hormone- and age-dependent changes. A number of chapters are dedicated to covering these diverse formats, spatiotemporal characteristics, multifaceted network and mathematical modeling of Ca2+ signaling. Neurotransmitters, hormones, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and other stimuli may lead to multiple cellular responses by inducing Ca2+ signaling in airway smooth muscle cells. Increasing evidence suggests that Ca2+ pumps and canonical transient receptor potential channels are essential for airway smooth muscle remodeling. Accordingly, several chapters summarize recent advances in the studies of the key role of calcium signaling in physiological cellular responses as well as the development of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other respiratory disorders.   About the Editor Dr. Yong-Xiao Wang is a Professor at Albany Medical College and has been working on cell calcium, ion channels, and neurotransmitter receptors in airway smooth muscle cells for many years. He has been one of the leading scientists in the field, evident by his excellent record of research publications, funding and service activities.

Calcium channels. --- Calcium --- Cell interaction. --- Physiological effect. --- Cell-cell interaction --- Cell communication --- Cellular communication (Biology) --- Cellular interaction --- Intercellular communication --- Channels, Calcium --- Life sciences. --- Human physiology. --- Biochemistry. --- Cell biology. --- Life Sciences. --- Cell Biology. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Human Physiology. --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Ion channels --- Cytology. --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Physiology --- Human body --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Composition