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Why and how did the British people come to see themselves as living in a society centred around a middle class? The answer provided by Professor Wahrman challenges most prevalent historical narratives: the key to understanding changes in conceptualisations of society, the author argues, lies not in underlying transformations of social structure - in this case industrialisation, which supposedly created and empowered the middle class - but rather in changing political configurations. Firmly grounded in a close reading of an extensive array of sources, and supported by comparative perspectives on France and America, the book offers a nuanced model for the interplay between social reality, politics, and the languages of class.

Middle class --- Classes moyennes --- History --- Histoire --- Great Britain --- Grande-Bretagne --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- 18th century --- 19th century --- Middle class - Great Britain - History - 18th century. --- Middle class - Great Britain - History - 19th century. --- Arts and Humanities --- Bourgeoisie --- Commons (Social order) --- Middle classes --- Social classes --- Social conditions

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Three hundred years ago, an unprecedented explosion in inexpensive, disposable print--newspapers, pamphlets, informational publications, artistic prints--ushered in a media revolution that forever changed our relationship to information. One unusually perceptive man, an obscure Dutch/British still life painter named Edward Collier, understood the full significance of these momentous changes and embedded in his work secret warnings about the inescapable slippages between author and print, meaning and text, viewer and canvas, perception and reality.Working around 1700, Collier has been neglected

Trompe l'oeil painting --- Art and society --- Newspapers in art. --- History --- Collier, Edward, --- Criticism and interpretation.

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Why is the world orderly, and how does this order come to be? Human beings inhabit a multitude of apparently ordered systems-natural, social, political, economic, cognitive, and others-whose origins and purposes are often obscure. In the eighteenth century, older certainties about such orders, rooted in either divine providence or the mechanical operations of nature, began to fall away. In their place arose a new appreciation for the complexity of things, a new recognition of the world's disorder and randomness, new doubts about simple relations of cause and effect-but with them also a new ability to imagine the world's orders, whether natural or manmade, as self-organizing. If large systems are left to their own devices, eighteenth-century Europeans increasingly came to believe, order will emerge on its own without any need for external design or direction. In Invisible Hands, Jonathan Sheehan and Dror Wahrman trace the many appearances of the language of self-organization in the eighteenth-century West. Across an array of domains, including religion, society, philosophy, science, politics, economy, and law, they show how and why this way of thinking came into the public view, then grew in prominence and arrived at the threshold of the nineteenth century in versatile, multifarious, and often surprising forms. Offering a new synthesis of intellectual and cultural developments, Invisible Hands is a landmark contribution to the history of the Enlightenment and eighteenth-century culture.

Philosophy, Modern --- Order --- Social sciences --- Enlightenment. --- Religious aspects. --- Philosophy. --- 18th century, history, historical, order, organization, ordered systems, nature, politics, economics, cognition, divine province, divinity, religion, religious, disorder, randomness, self-organization, european, europe, society, philosophy, science, law, social sciences, enlightenment, human happiness, pursuit of knowledge, reason, sense, liberty, progress.

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Political culture --- Revolutions --- Insurrections --- Rebellions --- Revolts --- Revolutionary wars --- History --- Political science --- Political violence --- War --- Government, Resistance to --- Culture --- France --- Great Britain --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- Politics and government --- Economic conditions --- Europe --- 18th century --- Congresses --- 1789-1820 --- 1789-1815 --- 1760-1789 --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Falanxi --- Frankrijk --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- 法蘭西 --- 프랑스