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Si l'histoire de l'immigration est désormais bien établie, celle de la politique de nationalité (qui définit les critères de naturalisation et d'appartenance à la communauté nationale), restait à faire, du moins sur une longue période : c'est désormais chose faite avec ce livre qui retrace plus de deux siècles de débats et de réformes, en France et en Europe, à partir de l'exploitation minutieuse d'archives abondantes mais souvent méconnues. Non sans bousculer nombre d'idées reçues à commencer par celle, tenace, qui veut que le droit du sol (jus soli) a été un principe permanent de la politique de nationalité française. Non seulement le droit du sang (jus sanguinis) y a dominé durant le xixe siècle, mais c'est sous l'influence de la France qu'il s'est diffusé en Allemagne... Pour la période récente, l'auteur souligne la convergence des législations des pays européens (y compris l'Allemagne depuis la réforme intervenue en l'an 2000) vers une solution de compromis combinant des éléments de droit du sol et de droit du sang (avec des droits fondés sur le mariage et la résidence). Une évolution rendue indispensable aux yeux de l'auteur par la transformation de la plupart des pays européens en pays d'immigration. Si particularité de la France il y a, elle est, explique encore Patrick Weil, dans une propension à combiner l'ensemble des outils juridiques disponibles pour embrasser le plus grand nombre de citoyens en son sein.

Citizenship --- Nationalité --- History --- Histoire --- Francais --- France --- Politique et gouvernement --- Frankrijk --- Nationale identiteit --- Nationalisme --- Volkskarakter --- geschiedenis --- sociale geschiedenis --- geschiedenis. --- sociale geschiedenis. --- Frankrijk. --- Nationalité --- History. --- Citizenship - France - History --- Francais - Histoire --- France - Politique et gouvernement - 19e siècle --- France - Politique et gouvernement - 20e siècle --- NATIONALITE --- NATURALISATIONS --- NATIONALISME --- IDENTITE COLLECTIVE --- FRANCE --- HISTOIRE --- 19E SIECLE --- 20E SIECLE

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325.14 <493> --- 351.756 <493> --- 342.717-054.6 <493> --- 908 <44 PARIS> --- Citizenship --- -Birthright citizenship --- Citizenship (International law) --- National citizenship --- Nationality (Citizenship) --- 908 <44 PARIS> Heemkunde. Area studies--Frankrijk--PARIS --- Heemkunde. Area studies--Frankrijk--PARIS --- Law and legislation --- France --- Emigration and immigration --- -Government policy. --- Socio-political history --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- Immigranten --- Frankrijk. --- Citoyenneté --- History --- Histoire --- Government policy --- Emigration et immigration --- Politique gouvernementale --- Immigration --- 20th-21st centuries --- Government policy.

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Present-day Americans feel secure in their citizenship: they are free to speak up for any cause, oppose their government, marry a person of any background, and live where they choose-at home or abroad. Denaturalization and denationalization are more often associated with twentieth-century authoritarian regimes. But there was a time when American-born and naturalized foreign-born individuals in the United States could be deprived of their citizenship and its associated rights. Patrick Weil examines the twentieth-century legal procedures, causes, and enforcement of denaturalization to illuminate an important but neglected dimension of Americans' understanding of sovereignty and federal authority: a citizen is defined, in part, by the parameters that could be used to revoke that same citizenship.The Sovereign Citizen begins with the Naturalization Act of 1906, which was intended to prevent realization of citizenship through fraudulent or illegal means. Denaturalization-a process provided for by one clause of the act-became the main instrument for the transfer of naturalization authority from states and local courts to the federal government. Alongside the federalization of naturalization, a conditionality of citizenship emerged: for the first half of the twentieth century, naturalized individuals could be stripped of their citizenship not only for fraud but also for affiliations with activities or organizations that were perceived as un-American. (Emma Goldman's case was the first and perhaps best-known denaturalization on political grounds, in 1909.) By midcentury the Supreme Court was fiercely debating cases and challenged the constitutionality of denaturalization and denationalization. This internal battle lasted almost thirty years. The Warren Court's eventual decision to uphold the sovereignty of the citizen-not the state-secures our national order to this day. Weil's account of this transformation, and the political battles fought by its advocates and critics, reshapes our understanding of American citizenship.

Expatriation --- Citizenship, Loss of --- Citizenship --- International law --- Statelessness --- Denaturalization --- Loss of citizenship --- Political rights, Loss of --- Birthright citizenship --- Citizenship (International law) --- National citizenship --- Nationality (Citizenship) --- Political science --- Public law --- Allegiance --- Civics --- Domicile --- Political rights --- History --- Law and legislation --- Human Rights. --- Law. --- Political Science. --- Public Policy.

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Bullitt, William Christian [Jr.] --- Freud, Sigmund --- Wilson, Thomas Woodrow

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Le projet de cet ouvrage est de porter un nouvel éclairage sur les faits qui se sont produits aux moments de l'élaboration de la Loi de séparation des Églises et de l'État, de son adoption puis de sa mise en oeuvre. Fondé sur de nouvelles recherches sur des domaines très variés, croisant les approches d'historiens, de sociologues, de politistes, de juristes, l'ensemble constitue une mise au point novatrice des points de vue juridique, politique, social et culturel. C'est toute une partie de l'Histoire de la France du XXe siècle qui est retracée.

Secularism --- France --- Politics and government