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The main goal of this thesis is to explore a complete development cycle of unusual allotropic ruthenium nanoparticles, i.e., synthesis, characterization and application in selective hydrogenation reactions. An improved synthetic procedure of ruthenium nanoparticles with control over their size and crystal phase will be investigated. Powder X-ray diffraction will be used to evaluate the crystal phase of these materials. The impregnation of ruthenium nanoparticles on porous supports, i.e., Al2O3, SiO2, or TiO2 will be carried out to form ruthenium loaded catalysts. X-ray fluorescence is employed to characterize the composition of the ruthenium loaded catalysts. Finally, the ruthenium nanoparticles and the ruthenium loaded catalysts are explored as catalysts in the hydrogenation reaction of cinnamaldehyde to study their catalytic properties and to determine the influence of the crystal phase on the catalytic properties of ruthenium.