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This research has been carried out in three communes belonging to three ecological regions in the northern Vietnam in order to understand the changes in the way of management of the farmers' physical environment exploitation in the period of institutional reforms toward the market economy since 1980's. Besides the economical achievements, the contradictions appearing from the realisation of institutional reforms have been also analysed through the conflicts between economical actors in the countryside in particular, and in the whole country in general. The contradictions have been expressed by the increased inequity on the access to the main production resources between the farmers (land, capital, work, new technology, etc.). However, this research has also highlighted the extraordinary dynamism of the small peasantry in the market economy, its adaptation capacity and infinite innovation in reaction to the changes of the socio-economical environment. This capability is expressed not only by their individual strategies applied to the production process, but also by many collective activities in order to improve the economical efficiency in the production and to limit the negative influences of the market mechanism. The first two chapters concentrate on the brief presentation of some issues concerning the studied subject and regions : the theory on the small farming households and especially the principal theories of the development in general and rural development in particular since the second half of the 20th century. Besides, some researches on rural development in Vietnam have been presented in these chapters. The chapters 3 and 4 present the changes in the mode of the farmers' physical environment exploitation, and the contradictions in the rural society between logic of productivity and production acceleration, and the inequitable access to main resources (land, capital, work, etc.). The last chapters of the thesis (5 and 6) introduce strategies, the practis es of the small peasantries in the economical activities and define some proposals. The small peasantries' strategies and practises are the diversification in the production, the development of the VAC ecosystem in order to improve the benefit, and the development of collective activities, etc. Some measures which concern the state institutions and the people associations (credit, agricultural extension, development of economical network in the countryside, development of collective activities, etc.) are proposed in order to limit the negative influences of the market mechanism, to develop peasantry's creativity and to improve the living conditions of the rural population in the perspective of a sustainable rural development.

farming systems --- farming systems --- Farm structure --- Farm structure --- political systems --- political systems --- Market economies --- Market economies --- Centrally planned economies --- Centrally planned economies --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable development --- Viet Nam --- Viet Nam

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Agrarian structure --- History --- History --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable development --- Urbanization --- Urbanization --- Agricultural policies --- Adjustment of production --- Adaptation --- Viet Nam --- Viet Nam

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poultry farming --- poultry farming --- aviculture. --- aviculture --- Broiler chickens --- Broiler chickens --- Suburban areas --- Suburban areas --- rearing systems --- rearing systems --- Farm income --- Farm income --- Mortality --- Mortality --- Viet Nam --- Viet Nam

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Swine --- Breeds (animals) --- Introduced breeds --- Animal breeding --- Profitability --- small farms --- Viet Nam