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This book details the history of one of astronomy's many spurious objects, the satellite of Venus. First spotted in 1645, the non-existing moon was observed more than a dozen times until the late eighteenth century. Although few astronomers believed in the existence of the moon after about 1770, it continued to attract attention for at least another century. However, it has largely disappeared from the history of astronomy, and the rich historical sources have never been exploited. By telling the story of the enigmatic satellite in its proper historical context it is demonstrated that it was much more than a mere curiosity in the annals of astronomy - Frederick II of Prussia was familiar with it, and so was Bonnet, Kant and Voltaire. The satellite of Venus belongs to the same category as other fictitious celestial bodies (such as the planet Vulcan), yet it had its own life and fascinating historical trajectory. By following this trajectory, the history of planetary astronomy is addressed in a novel way.
Human sciences (algemeen) --- Cosmology --- Astrophysics --- History of physics --- astrofysica --- geschiedenis --- cultuurwetenschap --- fysica --- kosmologie
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Human sciences (algemeen) --- Mathematics --- geschiedenis --- cultuurwetenschap --- wiskunde
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Human sciences (algemeen) --- Cosmology --- Astrophysics --- History of physics --- astrofysica --- geschiedenis --- cultuurwetenschap --- fysica --- kosmologie
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This book offers a reconstruction of linguistic innovations in the history of mathematics; innovations which changed the ways in which mathematics was done, understood and philosophically interpreted. It argues that there are at least three ways in which the language of mathematics has been changed throughout its history, thus determining the lines of development that mathematics has followed. One of these patterns of change, called a re-coding, generates two developmental lines. The first of them connecting arithmetic, algebra, differential and integral calculus and predicate calculus led to a gradual increase of the power of our calculating tools, turning difficult problems of the past into easy exercises. The second developmental line connecting synthetic geometry, analytic geometry, fractal geometry, and set theory led to a sophistication of the ways we construct geometrical objects, altering our perception of form and increasing our sensitivity to complex visual patterns. Another important pattern of change, called relativization, is illustrated by the development of synthetic geometry, connecting Euclid's geometry, projective geometry, non-Euclidean geometry, and Klein's Erlanger Programm up to Hilbert's Grundlagen der Geometrie. In this development the notions of space and geometric object underwent deep and radical changes culminating in the liberation of objects from the supremacy of space and so bringing to existence geometric objects which space would never tolerate. The book offers tools of analysis by means of which scholars and students of the history and philosophy of mathematics can attain better understanding of the various changes, which the subject of their study underwent in the course of history. The book brings also important insights for mathematics education connecting growth of language with the development of mathematical thought.
Human sciences (algemeen) --- Mathematics --- geschiedenis --- cultuurwetenschap --- wiskunde
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Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Mathematics --- History of physics --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- geschiedenis --- wiskunde --- fysica
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