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Digital
Do women shy away from competition? Do men compete too much?
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Year: 2005 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. NBER

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Digital
Error prone inference from response time : the case of intuitive generosity
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Year: 2014 Publisher: Munich CESifo

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Digital
Knowing When to Ask : The Cost of Leaning In
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Year: 2016 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research

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Gender differences in the propensity to negotiate are often used to explain the gender wage gap, popularizing the push for women to "lean-in." We use a laboratory experiment to examine the effect of leaning-in. Despite men and women achieving similar and positive returns when they must negotiate, we find that women avoid negotiations more often than men. While this suggests that women would benefit from leaning-in, a direct test of the counterfactual proves otherwise. Women appear to positively select into negotiations and to know when to ask. By contrast, we find no significant evidence of a positive selection for men.


Digital
Optimal pricing and endogenous herding
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Year: 2002 Publisher: Munich CESifo

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Digital
How costly is diversity? Affirmative action in light of gender differences in competitiveness
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Year: 2008 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. NBER

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Book
The no club : putting a stop to women's dead-end work
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ISBN: 9781982152338 1982152338 Year: 2022 Publisher: New York Simon & Schuster

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"The No Club started when four women, crushed by endless to-do lists, banded together over $10 bottles of wine to get their work lives under control. Running faster than ever, they still trailed behind their male colleagues. And so, they vowed to say no to requests that pulled them away from the work that mattered most to their careers. This book reveals how their over-a-decade-long journey and subsequent groundbreaking research uncovered that women everywhere are unfairly burdened with “non-promotable work,” a tremendous problem we can—and must—solve. All organizations have work that no one wants to do: planning the office party, screening interns, attending to that time-consuming client, or simply helping others with their work. From office housework to important assignments that inevitably go unrewarded, a woman, most often, takes on these tasks. In study upon study, professors Linda Babcock (bestselling author of Women Don't Ask), Brenda Peyser, Lise Vesterlund, and Laurie Weingart—the original “No Club”—document that women are disproportionately asked and expected to do this kind of work. This imbalance leaves women overcommitted and underutilized as companies forfeit revenue, productivity, and top talent. But it doesn't have to be this way. The No Club walks you through how to make small, yet significant, changes to your own workload and empowers women to make savvy decisions about the work they take on. At the same time, the authors illuminate how lasting change calls for organizations to reassess how they assign and reward work to level the playing field. With hard data, personal anecdotes from women of all stripes, self- and workplace-assessments for immediate use, and innovative advice from the authors' consulting Fortune 500 companies, this book will forever change the conversation about how we advance women's careers and achieve equity in the 21st century."


Digital
Gender Differences in Bargaining Outcomes : A Field Experiment on Discrimination
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2012 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research

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We examine gender differences in bargaining outcomes in a highly competitive and commonly used market: the taxi market in Lima, Peru. Examining the entire path of negotiation we find that men face higher initial prices and rejection rates. These differentials are consistent with both statistical and taste-based discrimination. To identify the source of the inferior treatment of men we conduct an experiment where passengers send a signal on valuation before negotiating. The signal eliminates gender differences and the response is shown only to be consistent with statistical discrimination. Our study secures identification within the market of interest and demonstrates that there are environments where sophisticated statistical inference is the sole source of differential gender outcomes.


Book
The No Club : Putting a Stop to Women's Dead-End Work.
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 9781982152352 Year: 2022 Publisher: New York Simon & Schuster

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E-books


Book
Do Women Shy Away From Competition? Do Men Compete Too Much?
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2005 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research

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Competitive high ranking positions are largely occupied by men, and women remain scarce in engineering and sciences. Explanations for these occupational differences focus on discrimination and preferences for work hours and field of study. We examine if absent these factors gender differences in occupations may still occur. Specifically we explore whether women and men, on a leveled playing field, differ in their selection into competitive environments. Men and women in a laboratory experiment perform a real task under a non-competitive piece rate and a competitive tournament scheme. Although there are no gender differences in performance under either compensation, there is a substantial gender difference when participants subsequently choose the scheme they want to apply to their next performance. Twice as many men as women choose the tournament over the piece rate. This gender gap in tournament entry is not explained by performance either before or after the entry decision. Furthermore, while men are more optimistic about their relative performance, differences in beliefs only explain a small share of the gap in tournament entry. In a final task we assess the impact of non-tournament-specific factors, such as risk and feedback aversion, on the gender difference in compensation choice. We conclude that even controlling for these general factors, there is a large residual gender gap in tournament entry.

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Book
Gender Differences in Negotiation and Policy for Improvement
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research

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Men more than women succeed when negotiating over labor-market outcomes, and gender differences in negotiation likely contribute to the gender wage gap and to horizontal and vertical segregation in the labor market. We review the evidence on the many initiatives that have been put in place to reduce the effect of gender differences in negotiation. Categorizing these as either 'fix-the-women' or 'fix-the-institutions' initiatives we find serious challenges to the former. Women do not appear to be broken and encouraging them to negotiate more and differently often backfires. The evidence suggests that 'fix-the-institution' initiatives are more effective in reducing gender differences in outcomes. Concerns of adverse effects of banning negotiations or salary history requests have not materialized, and preliminary evidence points to reductions in the gender differences in negotiation outcomes. The strongest evidence on effectiveness in narrowing gender disparities is found for policies that increase transparency. Numerous studies find that gender differences in negotiation diminish when it is clear what to expect from the negotiation and suggest that initiatives which improve transparency are likely to help equalize opportunities at the bargaining table.

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