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The Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) develops, acquires, and maintains most Air Force systems and is tailoring its workforce to adapt to changes in technology, weapons, and battlefield requirements. This volume is a practical guide to the main steps in analytical workforce planning and development: determining workforce demand, describing workforce supply, comparing the demand with the supply, and implementing solutions. The authors outline the related policy decisions; describe necessary methods, data, and tools; and recommend divisions of responsibilities among headquarters, business units, and functional managers. These tasks need not cover the entire workforce but should be focused on positions that are central to AFMC's core business units, which would be responsible for actual planning and development. Headquarters AFMC itself would primarily offer guidance, support, and assistance to these units and mediate trade-offs that may need to be made among them. Similarly, functional managers have an advisory role

Manpower --- United States. --- Personnel management.

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Because of recent rapid growth in the number of immigrants, their high concentration in a few states, and a lagging economy that has slowed the growth in public revenues, two questions have received considerable analytical and political attention in recent years: (1) do immigrants contribute more to public revenues than they receive in benefits from public services? and (2) do state and local governments pay a disproportionate share of the cost of services used by immigrants? This report reviews the estimates of the net fiscal costs of immigration made by several recent and well publicized studies of immigration at the national, state, and local levels. The authors find that these studies do not provide a reliable estimate of the net fiscal costs of immigration. Moreover, new data and agreement on a uniform accounting framework will be needed to reach a definitive answer to the policy questions about the costs of immigration.

Immigrants --- Services for --- Costs. --- Taxation --- United States --- Emigration and immigration --- Economic aspects.

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Educational change --- Education --- Education and state --- Private schools --- Teachers --- Theory & Practice of Education --- Social Sciences --- Evaluation --- Training of --- Faculty (Education) --- Instructors --- School teachers --- Schoolteachers --- Academies (Private schools) --- Independent schools --- Education policy --- Educational policy --- State and education --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Change, Educational --- Education change --- Education reform --- Educational reform --- Reform, Education --- School reform --- Government policy --- School employees --- Schools --- Social policy --- Endowment of research --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Teaching --- Training --- Educational planning --- Educational innovations

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School management and organization --- Educational planning --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Theory & Practice of Education --- Statistics --- Educational administration --- Inspection of schools --- School administration --- School inspection --- School operation policies --- School organization --- Schools --- Inspection --- Management and organization --- Management --- Administration, Educational --- Operation policies, School --- Policies, School operation --- Organization

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Deals exclusively with federal policies and programs. There is a continuing and pervasive regional and suburban decentralization of population and employment accompanied by a convergence in per capita income among areas. Slow growth or decline has led to fiscal strains in some cities, necessitating either service cutbacks or increased taxes, or both. Federal policies on procurement, capital depreciation, and housing have generally reinforced regional and suburban decentralization. Primary influence is exercised not by the modest cluster of direct programs but by, e.g., federal purchase, tax expenditures, and regulatory policies. Direct programs have had only moderate effects on development. Large, multipurpose programs successfully address only one class of problem. They often fail to aid the economically disadvantaged. Four major policy issues deserve further analysis: job creation and worker mobility, fiscal assistance to local government, aid to specific places, and geographical considerations in policy formulation.

Urban economics. --- Federal-city relations --- Urban policy --- Economic assistance, Domestic