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The Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) develops, acquires, and maintains most Air Force systems and is tailoring its workforce to adapt to changes in technology, weapons, and battlefield requirements. This volume is a practical guide to the main steps in analytical workforce planning and development: determining workforce demand, describing workforce supply, comparing the demand with the supply, and implementing solutions. The authors outline the related policy decisions; describe necessary methods, data, and tools; and recommend divisions of responsibilities among headquarters, business units, and functional managers. These tasks need not cover the entire workforce but should be focused on positions that are central to AFMC's core business units, which would be responsible for actual planning and development. Headquarters AFMC itself would primarily offer guidance, support, and assistance to these units and mediate trade-offs that may need to be made among them. Similarly, functional managers have an advisory role
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Case studies of 25 small defense suppliers in southern California were used to examine the hypothesis that such firms have been especially hard-hit by the Pentagon's budget cutbacks between 1989 and 1994. Research found that electronics and materials firms were generally more successful at making up lost revenue than were machine shops and aircraft parts firms. Most firms had downsized, but management believed that they could increase production to previous peak levels within a few months if necessary. Few firms had made use of federal defense conversion programs, but quite a few had received funds from the state of California to retrain workers.
Defense industries --- Defense contracts --- Economic conversion --- Military base conversion --- Aerospace industries --- Revenue --- California
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Because of recent rapid growth in the number of immigrants, their high concentration in a few states, and a lagging economy that has slowed the growth in public revenues, two questions have received considerable analytical and political attention in recent years: (1) do immigrants contribute more to public revenues than they receive in benefits from public services? and (2) do state and local governments pay a disproportionate share of the cost of services used by immigrants? This report reviews the estimates of the net fiscal costs of immigration made by several recent and well publicized studies of immigration at the national, state, and local levels. The authors find that these studies do not provide a reliable estimate of the net fiscal costs of immigration. Moreover, new data and agreement on a uniform accounting framework will be needed to reach a definitive answer to the policy questions about the costs of immigration.
Immigrants --- Services for --- Costs. --- Taxation --- United States --- Emigration and immigration --- Economic aspects.
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Steadily increasing immigration to California over the past thirty years has profoundly affected the state. Some observers of these changes see the extreme diversity of California's population as the harbinger of where the nation is headed in the long term. Others see California as the symbol of a major backlash against immigrants and immigration. How has California benefited from immigration? What impact have immigrants had on the state's job market? How have they affected the demand for federal and state services? What has been their education and economic progress since their arrival? This book summarizes the findings of a comprehensive study fully documented in Immigration in a Changing Economy: California's Experience, by Kevin F. McCarthy and Georges Vernez. Using a question-and-answer framework, it discusses the impact immigration has had on the state's demography, economy, people, and institutions, drawing lessons for California's future as well as for other states and the nation.
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Educational change --- Education --- Education and state --- Private schools --- Teachers --- Theory & Practice of Education --- Social Sciences --- Evaluation --- Training of --- Faculty (Education) --- Instructors --- School teachers --- Schoolteachers --- Academies (Private schools) --- Independent schools --- Education policy --- Educational policy --- State and education --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Change, Educational --- Education change --- Education reform --- Educational reform --- Reform, Education --- School reform --- Government policy --- School employees --- Schools --- Social policy --- Endowment of research --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Teaching --- Training --- Educational planning --- Educational innovations
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To improve the progression of students through the educational system and to improve education quality, California needs a robust data system that can track an individual student's progress from kindergarten to college and beyond. Such a data system, commonly called a student unit record (SUR), would contain an individual electronic record of every student enrolled in an educational institution. Currently, 18 states can track individual students from kindergarten through postsecondary education, but California is not one of them. The authors of this report document the state of the various stu
Student records. --- Student records --- Schools --- Theory & Practice of Education --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Personnel records in education --- Public institutions --- Public schools
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School management and organization --- Educational planning --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Theory & Practice of Education --- Statistics --- Educational administration --- Inspection of schools --- School administration --- School inspection --- School operation policies --- School organization --- Schools --- Inspection --- Management and organization --- Management --- Administration, Educational --- Operation policies, School --- Policies, School operation --- Organization
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Educational equalization --- Minorities --- Ethnic minorities --- Foreign population --- Minority groups --- Persons --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Discrimination --- Ethnic relations --- Majorities --- Plebiscite --- Race relations --- Segregation --- Education --- Economic aspects
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Deals exclusively with federal policies and programs. There is a continuing and pervasive regional and suburban decentralization of population and employment accompanied by a convergence in per capita income among areas. Slow growth or decline has led to fiscal strains in some cities, necessitating either service cutbacks or increased taxes, or both. Federal policies on procurement, capital depreciation, and housing have generally reinforced regional and suburban decentralization. Primary influence is exercised not by the modest cluster of direct programs but by, e.g., federal purchase, tax expenditures, and regulatory policies. Direct programs have had only moderate effects on development. Large, multipurpose programs successfully address only one class of problem. They often fail to aid the economically disadvantaged. Four major policy issues deserve further analysis: job creation and worker mobility, fiscal assistance to local government, aid to specific places, and geographical considerations in policy formulation.
Urban economics. --- Federal-city relations --- Urban policy --- Economic assistance, Domestic
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In the midst of large increases in immigration, a relative deterioration in the level of education of immigrants, and slow employment growth, the question of how immigrants perform and progress economically in the United States has once more become salient. This report addresses this question in several unique ways. First, it examines in detail the differences in the rate of economic progress of immigrants from different countries of origin (rather than for all immigrants as a whole) and identifies the reasons for these differences. Second, and for the first time, it assesses whether the economic progress of recent immigrants is slower than that of previous generations of immigrants. Finally, it assesses the economic progress of immigrants in California separately from that of those in the rest of the nation, because, at 26 percent, the share of immigrants in California's labor force is more than three times higher than that in the rest of the United States.
Foreign workers --- Foreign workers --- Immigrants --- Immigrants --- Economic conditions. --- Economic conditions.
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