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World War, 1939-1945 --- National socialism and law --- Law --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Law and legislation --- Philosophy --- History --- Political aspects --- Judges --- Justice, Administration of --- National socialism --- European War, 1939-1945 --- Second World War, 1939-1945 --- World War 2, 1939-1945 --- World War II, 1939-1945 --- World War Two, 1939-1945 --- WW II (World War, 1939-1945) --- WWII (World War, 1939-1945) --- History, Modern --- Nazism --- Authoritarianism --- Fascism --- Nazis --- Neo-Nazism --- Totalitarianism --- Administration of justice --- Courts --- Alcaldes --- Cadis --- Chief justices --- Chief magistrates --- Justices --- Magistrates --- Causes --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Officials and employees --- Netherlands --- World War, 1939-1945 - Netherlands --- World War, 1939-1945 - Moral and ethical aspects. --- World War, 1939-1945 - Law and legislation - Netherlands --- Law - Philosophy - History - 20th century --- Law - Political aspects - Netherlands - 20th century.

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This is the first extensive treatment of leading judicial institutions under Nazi rule in WWII. It focusses on all democratic countries under German occupation, and provides the details for answering questions like: how can law serve as an instrument of defence against an oppressive regime? Are the courts always the guardians of democracy and rule of law? What role was there for international law? How did the courts deal with dismissals, new appointees, new courts, forced German ordinances versus national law? How did judges justify their actions, help citizens, appease the enemy, protest against injustice? Experts from all democracies that were occupied by the Nazis paint vivid pictures of oppression, collaboration, and resistance. The results are interpreted in a socio-legal framework introducing the concept of ‘moral hygiene’ to explain the clash between normative and descriptive approaches in public opinion and scholarship concerning officials’ behaviour in war-time.

Second World War --- Courts & procedure --- Political structures: totalitarianism & dictatorship --- Judiciary, enemy occupation, second World War, National Socialism, collaboration

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This is the first extensive treatment of leading judicial institutions under Nazi rule in WWII. It focusses on all democratic countries under German occupation, and provides the details for answering questions like: how can law serve as an instrument of defence against an oppressive regime? Are the courts always the guardians of democracy and rule of law? What role was there for international law? How did the courts deal with dismissals, new appointees, new courts, forced German ordinances versus national law? How did judges justify their actions, help citizens, appease the enemy, protest against injustice? Experts from all democracies that were occupied by the Nazis paint vivid pictures of oppression, collaboration, and resistance. The results are interpreted in a socio-legal framework introducing the concept of ‘moral hygiene’ to explain the clash between normative and descriptive approaches in public opinion and scholarship concerning officials’ behaviour in war-time.

Second World War --- Courts & procedure --- Political structures: totalitarianism & dictatorship --- Judiciary, enemy occupation, second World War, National Socialism, collaboration --- Judiciary, enemy occupation, second World War, National Socialism, collaboration

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"Wat valt er onder het begrip ‘religie’? Wanneer is een uiting ‘haatzaaien’? Wordt het verspreiden van ‘nepnieuws’ beschermd door de vrijheid van meningsuiting? Omvat het recht op leven ook het recht op maatregelen tegen klimaatverandering? Steeds vaker doen mensen een beroep op fundamentele rechten om uiteenlopende aanspraken te onderbouwen. Voorbeelden zijn de claims tegen de Staat in de klimaatzaken, de pleidooien voor erkenning van het recht op een eigen identiteit en het beroep op het recht op lichamelijke integriteit door tegenstanders van verplichte vaccinaties. Hoe ver mag de rechter gaan in het bepalen van de reikwijdte van fundamentele rechten? Zou de rechter alle wetgeving aan de Grondwet moeten kunnen toetsen? Hoe vermijdt hij dat hij daarbij het terrein van de politiek betreedt? Gaat de rechter in sommige gevallen te ver, of juist nog niet ver genoeg? Vanuit diverse perspectieven op fundamentele rechten en de rol van de rechter bieden de bijdragen aan deze bundel inzichten die uitnodigen tot nadere reflectie."--

Civil rights --- Judges --- Courts

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This is the first extensive treatment of leading judicial institutions under Nazi rule in WWII. It focusses on all democratic countries under German occupation, and provides the details for answering questions like: how can law serve as an instrument of defence against an oppressive regime? Are the courts always the guardians of democracy and rule of law? What role was there for international law? How did the courts deal with dismissals, new appointees, new courts, forced German ordinances versus national law? How did judges justify their actions, help citizens, appease the enemy, protest against injustice? Experts from all democracies that were occupied by the Nazis paint vivid pictures of oppression, collaboration, and resistance. The results are interpreted in a socio-legal framework introducing the concept of ‘moral hygiene’ to explain the clash between normative and descriptive approaches in public opinion and scholarship concerning officials’ behaviour in war-time.

Courts of last resort --- World War, 1939-1945 --- HISTORY / Military / World War II. --- History --- Occupied territories. --- Judiciary, enemy occupation, second World War, National Socialism, collaboration. --- Courts, Supreme --- Last resort, Courts of --- Supreme courts --- Appellate procedure --- Courts --- Appellate courts --- Constitutional courts --- Collaborationists --- Territorial questions --- Underground movements