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The hydrochemical determinism of aquatic Amblystegium species was studied in order to obtain a model for biomonitoring the surface waters quality. Correlative investigations emphasized the role of the ammonium nitrogen for explaining the spatio-temporal variability of aquatic bryophyte assemblages. The comparison of different calibration methods and data sets showed that the multiple regression on ordination components (principal components analysis, correspondence analysis, PLS regression) gave the best results for predicting the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen in rivers from combinations of aquatic bryophytes. The lowest prediction errors were obtained with local models. At a large scale, the accuracy of the models decreases because some species, such as Amblystegium tenax, exhibit contrasting response curves in different hydrosystems. Experimental cultures of different populations suggested the existence of several ecotypes. The genetic differentiation between populations was studied by using molecular markers. A high level of Amplified Fragments Length Polymorphism was found between populations of Amblystegium tenax, some populations exhibiting more affinities with Amblystegium fluviatile than with the other populations of A. tenax. The polyphyletic nature of these populations within the genus Amblystegium and the family Amblystegiaceae was confirmed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacers of 18S-26S rDNA. The genus Amblystegium, the closely related large genera (e. g., Campylium, Drepanocladus), and the Amblystegiaceae also seem polyphyletic. The definition of species and genera of the Amblystegiaceae seems thus to be based on a series of convergent adaptations in taxa genetically not related. The phylogeny of the Amblystegiaceae in their relationships with closely related families of pleurocarpous mosses should therefore be revised.

Bryophyta --- Aquatic plants --- taxonomy --- Genetic polymorphism --- Ammonia --- Pollutant load --- Water quality --- Fragment amplifie

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Bryophyta --- Aquatic environment --- Rivers --- Ammonium nitrate --- Aquatic communities --- Nitrates --- Water quality --- Eutrophication --- population dynamics --- Flow rate --- Flooding --- water management --- Germany --- Rhine River