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The economy of the late medieval Low Countries is often portrayed in terms of dynamism and economic growth. However, several regions within this larger entity followed an alternate path of development. One example of this is the Campine (Kempen), a communal peasant region situated to the northeast of the sixteenth-century ‘metropolis’ of Antwerp. By contrast with other regions in the Low Countries, this area was characterised by a remarkable stability.By focusing on ‘independent’ peasant elites, this study explores the social structures and the characteristics of inequality of this region, showing how these factors led to a different, more stable mode of economic development. Looking past standard societal measurements such as property distribution, this work combines a wide variety of sources to grasp the nuances of inequality in a communal society. It therefore takes into account other economic factors such as control over the commons, and market integration. It also focuses on political and social inequality, shedding light on aspects of inequality in village politics, social life, and poor relief.Thus, in contrast to dominant depictions of pre-modern societies on the road to capitalism, this book provides a comprehensive portrayal of inequality and elite groups in a communal peasant society.

Kempenland (Belgium and Netherlands) --- Campine (Belgique et Pays-Bas) --- Elite (Social sciences) --- Local government --- Peasants --- Elite (Sciences sociales) --- Administration locale --- Paysannerie --- History --- Histoire --- Rural conditions --- Conditions rurales --- Élite (sciences sociales) --- Structure sociale --- Campines --- Middle Ages, 500-1500

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History of the Low Countries --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Kempen (B)

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Disasters and History offers the first comprehensive historical overview of hazards and disasters. Drawing on a range of case studies, including the Black Death, the Lisbon earthquake of 1755 and the Fukushima disaster, the authors examine how societies dealt with shocks and hazards and their potentially disastrous outcomes. They reveal the ways in which the consequences and outcomes of these disasters varied widely not only between societies but also within the same societies according to social groups, ethnicity and gender. They also demonstrate how studying past disasters, including earthquakes, droughts, floods and epidemics, can provide a lens through which to understand the social, economic and political functioning of past societies and reveal features of a society which may otherwise remain hidden from view. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Emergency management --- Hazard mitigation --- Natural disasters --- Disasters --- Research. --- History. --- Calamities --- Catastrophes --- Curiosities and wonders --- Accidents --- Hazardous geographic environments --- Disaster mitigation --- Disaster risk mitigation --- Disaster risk reduction --- Hazards mitigation --- Mitigation, Hazard --- Natural hazard mitigation --- Natural hazards mitigation --- Reduction of risks of disasters --- Risk mitigation, Disaster --- Risk reduction, Disaster --- Consequence management (Emergency management) --- Disaster planning --- Disaster preparedness --- Disaster prevention --- Disaster relief --- Emergencies --- Emergency planning --- Emergency preparedness --- Management --- Public safety --- First responders --- Risk mitigation --- Planning --- Preparedness --- Prevention