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ABSTRACT Objectives: Primary parotid carcinoma are a rare entity, characterized by an important biological and histological heterogeneity. Predicting survival outcomes for the individual patient is therefore highly challenging. This study aims to identify prognostic factors influencing survival and validate the prognostic scores (PS1 and PS2) developed by Vander Poorten et al. Methods: Patients with primary malignancies of the parotid gland who were treated with upfront surgery with curative intent at the University Hospitals of Leuven between January 1st 1995 and December 31st 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The impact of major prognostic factors on oncological outcomes was assessed using univariate analysis. Furthermore, PS1 and PS2 were calculated for each patient, stratifying the cohort into prognostic subgroups. For each group, we compared the prediction of the 5-year recurrence-free survival rate provided by the Vander Poorten model with the outcomes found at follow-up. Results: In total, 98 patients were included. Mean age was 63 years (range: 9-89). Five-year overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were 72.8%, 81.8% and 77.8%, respectively. Significant prognostic factors for both RFS and OS were: primary site of the tumor, tumor grading, extraglandular extension, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, pT classification, pTNM stage, and nodal metastasis (overall, cervical as well as intraparotid). PS1 and PS2 showed prognostic discrimination and correlated with survival outcomes predicted by the Vander Poorten model. Conclusion: Major prognostic factors in primary parotid carcinoma can help to identify high-risk patients. The use of validated prognostic scores, based on pre-operative and post-operative factors, allows physicians to quantify prognosis in terms of RFS. Keywords: Parotid carcinoma, prognostic factors, prognostic score, validation

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ABSTRACT Purpose of review: Second primary tumors (SPTs) significantly increase the mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Virtual chromoendoscopy (VCE) could complement or replace lugol chromoendoscopy (LCE) for early esophageal second primary tumors (ESPTs) detection. An overview of the existing techniques and their diagnostic performance in early detection of esophageal squamous cell neoplasms is provided. Recent findings: Nowadays LCE is the golden standard to detect ESPTs. Recently multiple new VCE techniques have been developed. Especially Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) is promising. It shows similar sensitivity to LCE, but a significantly higher specificity. Summary: Patients with HNSCC are prone to develop ESPTs, both synchronous and metachronous, with a substantial negative impact on survival rates. Therefore active screening and follow-up is necessary. LCE is an effective screening method, but has some disadvantages. Countering these drawbacks, NBI shows a high potential in early ESPT detection in high-risk patients. Additional multicenter studies are needed to compare diagnostic performance and cost-effectiveness of NBI and other VCE techniques with LCE.