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A host of astrophysical measurements suggest that most of the matter in the Universe is an invisible, nonluminous substance that physicists call “dark matter.” Understanding the nature of dark matter is one of the greatest challenges of modern physics and is of paramount importance to our theories of cosmology and particle physics. This text explores one of the leading hypotheses to explain dark matter: that it consists of ultralight bosons forming an oscillating field that feebly interacts with light and matter. Many new experiments have emerged over the last decade to test this hypothesis, involving state-of-the-art microwave cavities, precision nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, dark matter “radios,” and synchronized global networks of atomic clocks, magnetometers, and interferometers. The editors have gathered leading experts from around the world to present the theories motivating these searches, evidence about dark matter from astrophysics, and the diverse experimental techniques employed in searches for ultralight bosonic dark matter. The text provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to this blossoming field of research for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, or anyone new to the field, with tutorials and solved problems in every chapter. The multifaceted nature of the research – combining ideas and methods from atomic, molecular, and optical physics, nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, electrical engineering, particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology – makes this introductory approach attractive for beginning researchers as well as members of the broader scientific community. This is an open access book.
Nuclear physics. --- Astrophysics. --- Cosmology. --- Nuclear and Particle Physics. --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Dark matter (Astronomy)
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This biography takes readers from the early childhood to the last days of Georges Lemaitre, the man behind the theory of the primeval atom, now better known as the Big Bang theory. But, who was Georges Lemaitre? He was a clergyman, a genius astronomer, an audacious cosmologist, a computer enthusiast ahead of his time, a professor with his head in the clouds, a bon vivant mathematician, and a gourmand. The book peels away these layers, chapter by chapter, from the adventures of a boy from Charleroi (Belgium), who became Monseigneur Lemaitre and influenced contemporary cosmology. The Atom of the
Mathematicians --- Astronomers --- Astrophysics --- Big bang theory --- Cosmology --- Big bang cosmology --- Superdense theory --- Cosmogony --- Expanding universe --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Physical scientists --- Scientists --- History. --- Lemaître, Georges, --- Belgium. --- Bäigien --- Baljīk --- Belchica --- Belçika --- Belçika Krallığı --- Beldjym --- Belezi --- Belga Királyság --- Beļgeja --- Belghia --- Belʹgi --- Bèlgia --- Belgia Kuningriik --- Bélgica --- Belgice --- Belgice Cynerīce --- Belgické královstv --- Belgi --- Belgien --- Bélgii Bikéyah --- Belgii͡ --- Belʹgii͡a Korollege --- Belgija --- Beļg̓ijas Karaliste --- Belgijos Karalyst --- Belgijsk --- Belgika --- Belgio --- Belgique --- Belgiska --- Belgiya --- Belgiyah --- Belgje --- Belgjiche --- Belgjo --- Belgujo --- Belʹhii͡ --- Belhika --- Bèljik --- Beljika --- Belʹjmudin Nutg --- Belsch --- Belsj --- Bélxica --- Berug --- Bheilg --- Bilgasuyu --- Bilhika Qhapaqsuyu --- Bilkiya --- Gwlad Belg --- Igihugu cyʼUbubirigi --- Karaleŭstva Belʹhii͡ --- Keuninkriek Belsj --- Kingdom of Belgium --- Kinigraich Bäigien --- Kinnekräich Belsch --- Kongeriget Belgien --- Königreich Belgien --- Königriich Belgie --- Koninkrijk Belgi --- Koninkrijk van Belgi --- Koninkryk van Belgi --- Kraljevina Belgija --- Kralojstwo Belgiskej --- Mamlakat Baljīk --- Mamlekhet Belgiyah --- Nsi ya ntotila ya Belezi --- Pelekiuma --- Pow Belg --- Reeriaght ny Belg --- Reĝlando Belgio --- Regne de Bèlgica --- Regno del Belgio --- Reino de Belchica --- Reino de Bélgica --- Reinu de Bélxica --- Ríocht na Beilge --- Rìoghachd na Beilge --- Royaume de Belgique --- Royômo de Bèlg·ique --- Ruwvaneth Belgek --- Teyrnas Gwlad Belg --- Ubelgiji --- Ububiligi --- Ububirigi --- Ufalme wa Ubelgiji --- Vasileio tou Velgiou --- Vãsilia di Belghia --- Velg --- Velgio --- Lemaître, Georges --- Lemaitre, Georges,
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This proceedings volume, for the symposium in honor of Edward Teller's 100th anniversary, focuses on Teller's scientific legacy. This legacy includes some of the most fundamental insights into the quantum behaviors of molecules, nuclei, surfaces, solid state and spin systems and plasmas. Many of these are brand names from the canon of 20th-century physics and chemistry, such as Gamow-Teller transitions, the Jahn-Teller effect, Goldhaber-Teller resonances, the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equation of state, and the MR2T2 algorithm. All of these have had a profound a
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The existence of an axion is doubly motivated : it solves a fundamental problem of the Standard Model of elementary particles and it is a leading dark matter candidate. The axion was postulated in 1977, shortly after the Standard Model became widely accepted, to explain why the strong interactions are parity invariant. In 1983, it was shown that axions are abundantly produced in the early universe and would appear as dark matter today. Thus, the existence of an axion has interesting implications for cosmology, astrophysics and particle physics. Searches for other related hypothetical elementary particles such as axion-like particles, paraphotons and chameleons, are also reviewed.
Bosons --- Axions --- Nuclear astrophysics
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