Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Focused on the subtle interaction between children's well-being and the neighborhoods in which they grow up, this title consider the age of the community's residents, their incomes, and residential turnover in the neighborhood, all of which are thought to be important for children.

Child development. --- Children. --- Children - California - Los Angeles - Social condi. --- Community life. --- Neighborhood. --- Neighborhood - California - Los Angeles. --- Children --- Child development --- Neighborhoods --- Community life --- Child & Youth Development --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Social conditions --- Social conditions. --- Neighborhood --- Neighbourhoods --- Child study --- Development, Child --- Childhood --- Kids (Children) --- Pedology (Child study) --- Youngsters --- Development --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Human ecology --- Communities --- Developmental biology --- Developmental psychobiology --- Child rearing --- Age groups --- Families --- Life cycle, Human

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Los Angeles civil disturbances of 1992 brought America's long-term urban problems into new focus and raised concerns about the effectiveness of government solutions. This report attempts to provide answers in a series of essays on four general areas of urban problems: inner city; children, youth and families; crime and criminal justice; and public services and social welfare. Each essay defines the nature of the problem, describes and evaluates remedies tried in the past, and evaluates current policy ideas in terms of risks and benefits. The editors note that many serious urban problems lie outside local government's control, but federal decisionmakers have not been attentive to the effect of their policies at the local level. They suggest that, given the complexity of these problems, decisionmakers must be willing to implement policies that may benefit only a part of the target population. In addition, policymakers and the public need to have realistic expectations about what government can achieve, and must recognize that policy will have a limited effect at best if it tries to swim against broad social and economic currents.

Urban policy --- Children --- Crime --- Families --- Homelessness --- Medical care --- Poverty --- Youth --- Crime. --- Los Angeles (Calif.) --- Economic conditions. --- Politics and government. --- Social conditions.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

For decades, the two-state solution has dominated efforts to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Growing doubts about the viability of the two-state solution raise the question of which, if any, possible alternatives could succeed, if appropriately supported by the international community. RAND researchers conducted 33 focus groups in the region to gather qualitative and quantitative data on the viability of five alternatives: the status quo, the two-state solution, a confederation, annexation, and a one-state solution. The focus groups, conducted in July 2018 and May 2019, collected detailed opinions of more than 270 individuals, including West Bank Palestinians, Gazan Palestinians, Israeli Jews, and Israeli Arabs. These data provide a novel means of investigating whether there are any areas of overlap between Palestinians and Israelis that might form the basis for renewed dialogue. None of the alternatives was acceptable to a majority of both Israelis and Palestinians. The two-state solution was the most politically viable alternative, although all four populations voiced skepticism toward it. The status quo was preferred by Israeli Jews but strongly disliked by Palestinians. West Bank Palestinians' preferred alternative was the two-state solution, while Gazans ranked a one-state solution slightly above the two-state solution. The data highlight the deep distrust and profound animosity of each side for the other. It is hard to imagine a departure from present trends and where they might lead unless and until strong, courageous leadership among Israelis, Palestinians, and the international community articulates a desire for a better future for all.

Arab-Israeli conflict --- Palestinian Arabs. --- Jewish-Arab relations. --- Since 1993

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This report is a summary of MR-695, California's Ozone-Reduction Strategy for Light-Duty Vehicles: Direct Costs, Direct Emission Effects, and Market Responses. Economic costs and environmental effects are analyzed for California's multi-pronged strategy for reducing emissions from passenger cars and light-duty trucks, vehicles that are believed to account for a substantial fraction of ozone-producing emissions across the state. The study analyzes costs, emissions effects, effects on vehicle markets, and the distribution of costs for regulations on new gasoline-powered vehicles, others affecting both new and existing gasoline-powered vehicles, and also the extremely controversial zero-emission vehicle mandate. The study considers policy choice in the face of extreme uncertainty about the effects of several policy elements, particularly the scrappage program, enhanced vehicle inspection and maintenance, on-board emission diagnostic systems, and the zero-emission vehicle mandate. The zero-emission vehicle mandate poses major economic and environmental risks but there are also major risks to repealing the mandate altogether. The study concludes by suggesting principles for making zero-emission vehicle policy in the face a extreme uncertainty about the development of technology for battery-powered electric vehicles and the future effectiveness of policies to control emissions from gasoline vehicles.

Atmospheric ozone --- Air --- Reduction --- Government policy --- Pollution --- Economic aspects

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Consumers of health care in the United States often lack information on the actual prices of the care they receive and can also lack access to information about the quality of their care. RAND researchers gathered information on how health care prices are set, price variation in health care markets, barriers to price and quality transparency for consumers, and the extent to which price and quality information is used in marketing efforts. Public payers typically set prices for physicians and hospitals prospectively, and commercial health plans negotiate with physicians and hospitals to determine prices. Some research has shown substantial variation in negotiated prices, while other research suggests more moderate variation in some markets. Although the government does not directly affect prices paid by commercial health plans, commercial prices tend to be positively correlated with Medicare fee-for-service prices. Medicaid receives mandated rebates from drug manufacturers for dispensed prescriptions. Commercial health plans negotiate both the prices paid to pharmacies and any discounts and rebates received directly from drug manufacturers. Self-pay prices faced by consumers in pharmacies are set by individual pharmacies. The barriers to consumer price and quality transparency identified through this work generally represented limitations of existing tools. Consumer price transparency is being pursued by federal and state governments. Most commercial insurers have created price transparency tools to help members estimate the costs of various services. However, these tools can be difficult to navigate and do not always provide accurate pricing.