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Pain is an unpleasant but very important biological signal for danger. Nociception is necessary for survival and maintaining the integrity of the organism in a potentially hostile environment. Pain is both a sensory experience and a perceptual metaphor for damage and it is activated by noxious stimuli that act on a complex pain sensory apparatus. However, chronic pain having no more a protective role can become a ruining disease itself, termed "neuropathic pain".

Pain. --- Nociceptors. --- Neuralgia. --- Pain receptors --- Sensory receptors --- Aches --- Emotions --- Pleasure --- Senses and sensation --- Symptoms --- Analgesia --- Suffering --- Nerves, Peripheral --- Pain --- Diseases --- Neurosciences. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system

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in the human visceral pleura is the sole reliable criterion for the statement that it belongs to the ‘thick type’, while all observed animals have a ‘thin’ type VP. The mesothelium and underlying structures of the SM represent a highly permeable bidirectional membrane with signi?cant differences in the organ and region tra- port as a local phenomenon after horseradish peroxidase application. Stomata are constant features seen by SEM, but are occasional ?ndings observed by TEM over both sides of the diaphragm, lower intercostal spaces, anterior abdominal wall and greater omentum in untreated animals. Our data extend the location of stomata over the liver and broad ligament of the uterus. We strictly de?ned and nominated the main structures of the lymphatic regions as lymphatic units, stomata, and LL. Several different types of vascularization of omental and extraomental (medias- nal pleura and lesser pelvis) MS are observed after India ink application. Human and animal differences in their location, mesothelial covering, the vessel (blood and lymphatic) supply, free and connective tissue cells and their arrangement are discussed. The mesothelium and the BL changes start early in the gestation and continue throughout the postnatal period. Both cell types (?at and cubic) are already evident through prenatal life.

Anatomy. --- Embryology. --- Membranes (Biology). --- Serous fluids. --- Membranes --- Tissues --- Anatomy --- Serous Membrane --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Biology --- Zoology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Cytology --- Animal Anatomy & Embryology --- Physiology --- Membranes (Biology) --- Serosal fluids --- Biological membranes --- Biomembranes --- Medicine. --- Human physiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Human Physiology. --- Lymph --- Biological interfaces --- Protoplasm --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Human body