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Peace --- Pacific settlement of international disputes --- International relations --- Conflict management --- Social conflict --- Conflict management. --- International relations. --- Pacific settlement of international disputes. --- Peace. --- Social conflict. --- Coexistence, Peaceful --- Peaceful coexistence --- Disarmament --- Peace-building --- Security, International --- Class conflict --- Class struggle --- Conflict, Social --- Social tensions --- Interpersonal conflict --- Social psychology --- Sociology --- Dispute settlement, Peaceful (International relations) --- Disputes, Pacific settlement of international --- International disputes, Pacific settlement of --- Peaceful dispute settlement (International relations) --- Peaceful settlement of international disputes --- PSD (Pacific settlement of international disputes) --- Settlement of international disputes, Pacific --- Dispute resolution (Law) --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Conflict control --- Conflict resolution --- Dispute settlement --- Management of conflict --- Managing conflict --- Management --- Negotiation --- Problem solving --- Crisis management --- Dispute resolution (International law) --- Pacific resolution of international disputes --- Peaceful dispute resolution (International relations) --- Peaceful resolution of international disputes --- Resolution of international disputes, Pacific --- International law --- Law and legislation

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Compendium of Key Documents relating to Peace and Security in Africa Edited by Monica Juma 2006 ISBN: 0-9585097-3-5 Pages: 521 Print version: Available Electronic version: Free PDF available

International law --- African Union. --- Organization of African Unity. --- OAU. --- New Partnership for Africa's Development. --- Africa --- Foreign relations

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About the publication This report contains an in depth analysis of the muted right to freedom of expression in Eritrea. The number and forms of human rights violations related to the curtailing of free speech have been and continue to be well documented across the globe. This discourse identifies the right to free reception of information and expression as the bedrock to realising and maintaining the rule of law. Investigated herein is the historical background to the political evolution of the small African state and the social impact of the prevailing human rights violations. This report contains a compilation of human rights violations as determined by international treaty bodies, interviews with Eritrean witnesses and diaspora in exile and civil society reports on the human rights situation. It is argued in the report that the absence of the rule of law in Eritrea is directly attributed to the collapse of free expression as political forces see this right as a threat to their power base – a form of suppression that has nullified all human rights and freedoms and might well damage its people beyond repair. Table of Contents Preface List of abbreviations List of Eritrean print and electronic media Acknowledgments Executive summary English Executive summary French Executive summary Tigrinya Executive summary Arabic Introduction Contextualising the rule of law in Eritrea Eritrea’s human rights obligations and rule of law Non-Implementation of the Eritrean Constitution Suppression of free expression as an attack on the rule of law in Eritrea Prelude to dictatorship: Human rights before September 2001 The Crackdown of September 2001 Free expression in Eritrea today: Effects of widespread reprisals Closure of non-state media houses Collapse of the journalistic profession in Eritrea Internet censorship From arbitrary arrests to subtle control of the message Pervasive editorial spin The ‘03’ rumour system Suppression of foreign and diaspora media Reporting the work of the courts Eritrea’s international relations Awareness of the dangers of refugee flight Rebirth of independent journalism Recommendations Annex I: Compilation of recorded human rights violations related to free speech Arbitrary arrest and detention Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment Death in custody Annex II: Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Eritrea I. Recommendations accepted II. Recommendations that do not enjoy the support of Eritrea

Rule of law --- Freedom of expression --- Human rights --- Freedom of expression. --- Human rights. --- Rule of law. --- Eritrea. --- human rights human rights violations freedom of expression Eritrea violations

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About the publication This report contains an in depth analysis of the muted right to freedom of expression in Eritrea. The number and forms of human rights violations related to the curtailing of free speech have been and continue to be well documented across the globe. This discourse identifies the right to free reception of information and expression as the bedrock to realising and maintaining the rule of law. Investigated herein is the historical background to the political evolution of the small African state and the social impact of the prevailing human rights violations. This report contains a compilation of human rights violations as determined by international treaty bodies, interviews with Eritrean witnesses and diaspora in exile and civil society reports on the human rights situation. It is argued in the report that the absence of the rule of law in Eritrea is directly attributed to the collapse of free expression as political forces see this right as a threat to their power base – a form of suppression that has nullified all human rights and freedoms and might well damage its people beyond repair. Table of Contents Preface List of abbreviations List of Eritrean print and electronic media Acknowledgments Executive summary English Executive summary French Executive summary Tigrinya Executive summary Arabic Introduction Contextualising the rule of law in Eritrea Eritrea’s human rights obligations and rule of law Non-Implementation of the Eritrean Constitution Suppression of free expression as an attack on the rule of law in Eritrea Prelude to dictatorship: Human rights before September 2001 The Crackdown of September 2001 Free expression in Eritrea today: Effects of widespread reprisals Closure of non-state media houses Collapse of the journalistic profession in Eritrea Internet censorship From arbitrary arrests to subtle control of the message Pervasive editorial spin The ‘03’ rumour system Suppression of foreign and diaspora media Reporting the work of the courts Eritrea’s international relations Awareness of the dangers of refugee flight Rebirth of independent journalism Recommendations Annex I: Compilation of recorded human rights violations related to free speech Arbitrary arrest and detention Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment Death in custody Annex II: Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Eritrea I. Recommendations accepted II. Recommendations that do not enjoy the support of Eritrea

Rule of law --- Freedom of expression --- Human rights --- Freedom of expression. --- Human rights. --- Rule of law. --- human rights human rights violations freedom of expression Eritrea violations --- Eritrea.