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Contribution à l'étude des canaux potassiques voltage-dépendants dans les cellules musculaires lisses de l'artère mésentérique de rat
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2005 Publisher: Bruxelles: UCL,

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Abstract

In this work, we characterized the potassium current in three types of preparations : vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated enzymatically from the mesenteric artery of Wistar and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, and cells in primary culture obtained from the Wistar mesenteric artery by the explant procedure. We tried to determine the involvement of three isoforms of the voltage-dependent potassium channel in this potassium current : Kν1.5, Kν2.1 and Kν3.4.
In a first step, we had to demonstrate these Kν isoforms in the tissue and cells examined. We used two techniques : Western Blotting, to investigate protein expression, and RT-PCR, to analyze mRNA levels. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was more successful than Western Blotting, allowing us to conclude thath : (1) the three isoforms, but mainly Kν2.1, were expressed in enzymatically isolated WSMCs, whereas only Kν2.1 was detectable in explant-derived cultured cells ; (2) the expression level of Kν1.5 was distinctly higher on WKY than in Wistar rats.
The patch-clamp technique allowed us t measure the global electrophysiological activity of Kν channels in enzymatically isolated cells (Wistar and WKY) and cultured cells (explant). We analyzed the current intensity (in Ca-free solution) and the degree of inactivation as a function of voltage. Our results indicate that : (1) the Kν density was distinctly higher in VSMCs from WKY compared to those from Wistar rats ; (2à Kν current inactivated at more in VSMCs from WKY compared to those from Wistar rats ; (3) in cultured cells (explant), the Kν density was very low.
Although the patch-clamp data were compared with those from RT-PCR, we cannot conclude that Kν3.4 plays a major role in the differences observed in patch-clamp experiments between Wistar and WKY rats, because (1) this isoform seemed to be expressed only weakly is VSMCs from mesenteric artery, even in WKY rats, and (2) our RT-PCR analysis was restricted to three isoforms Dans ce travail, nous avons caractérisé le courant potassique dans trios types de préparations : des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires (CLMVs) isolées enzymatiquement à partir d’artère mésentérique de rats Wistar et Wistar Kyoto (WKY) et des cellules en culture primaire provenant d’explant d’artère mésentérique de rat Wistar. Nous avons tenté de déterminer l’implication de trois isoformes des canaux potassiques voltage)dépendants (Kν) dans ce courant K+ : les Kν1.5, Kν2.1 et Kν3.4.
Dans un premier temps, il fallait s’assurer de la présence de ces Kν dans les tissus à analyser. Deux techniques ont été utilisées : le Western Blot, qui nous indique si ces protéines sont exprimées, et la RT-PCR semi-quantitative, qui nous renseigne sur la présence d’ARNm de ces canaux. C’est essentiellement grâce à la RT-PCR semi-quantitative que nous pouvons conclure que (1) les trois isoformes, mais surtout le Kν2.1, sont exprimées dans les CMLVs isolées enzymatiquement, alors que seul Kν2.1 est détectable dans les cellules cultivées à partir d’explant ; (2) l’expression des Kν au niveau des artères mésentériques de rats Wistar et WKY sont équivalentes en ce qui concerne les Kν1.5 et Kν2.1, alors que l’expression des Kν3.4 est nettement plus importante chez les rats WKY que chez les rats Wistar.
La technique du patch clamp nous a permis de mesurer l’activité électrophysiologique globale des Kν au niveau de cellules obtenues enzymatiquement (Wistar et WKY) et de cellules cultivées à partir d’explant. Des analyses d’intensité de courant potassique (solutions sans Ca2+) en fonction du voltage ainsi que des courbes d’inactivation en fonction du voltage ont été effectuées. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que (1) la densité des canaux potassiques est nettement plus élevée au niveau des CMLVs de rats WKY que dans les CMLVs des rats Wistar ; (2) les Kν s’inactivent à des voltages plus positifs dans les cellules de rats WKY que dans celles de rats Wistar ; (3) avec les cellules d’explant, la densité de courant potassique observée est très faible.
Bien que les résultats obtenus en patch clamp soient compatibles avec ceux fournis par la RT-PCR, nous ne pouvons conclure que le Kν3.4 joue un rôle majeur dans les différences observées en patch clamp entre rats Wistar et WKY, puisque un rôle majeur dans cet isoforme paraît peu exprimé dans l’artère mésentérique, même chez le rat WKY, et que d’autre part notre analyse en RT-PCR s’est limitée à 3 isoformes


Book
Etude des propriétés électrophysiologiques et pharmacologiques des canaux potassiques voltage-dépendants dans les cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2007 Publisher: Bruxelles: UCL,

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Abstract

Potassium channels play a prominent role in the regulation of membrane potential. Among these channels, voltage-dependent Kv channels form a large family of proteins in which several subtypes have been identified (Kv1.x to Kv 11.x). These channels are involved in several pathologies and might contribute to the development of arterial hypertension.
The aim of this work is to study the pharmacological and electrophysiological properties of Kv channels expressed in mesenteric artery. We have used whole cell patch clamp technique on freshly isolated smooth muscle cells from the rat superior mesenteric artery.
We have recorded potassium currents activating around -40 mV and showing a slow inactivation (τ≈3s) in response to a prolonged depolarising stimulation (10s). Only the inactivating component of the current is sensitive to 4-aminopyridine, a selective inhibitor of Kv channels (0.1 to 5mM).
In order to investigate the potential modulation of these channels by calcium, we have tested the effect of 0 and 2 mM calcium in the extracellular solution. No alteration in the Kv current was associated with the change in extracellular calcium. Surprisingly, lowering the extracellular calcium concentration markedly decreased the inhibitory effect of the low concentrations of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 0.1 to 0.5 mM) on the K current : 0.5 mM 4-AP inhibited the inactivating component of the K current by 8% in the absence of calcium compared to 35% in the presence of 2 mM calcium. The effect of higher concentrations of 4-AP was unaffected. 4-AP inhibition was also tested in the presence of nimodipine, an inhibitor of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, to determine whether intracellular calcium could affect the inhibitory potency of 4-AP. Our results show that K current inhibition by 4-AP was increased in the presence of nimodipine, suggesting that calcium entry also plays a role in the modulation of Kv channels.
The contribution of the different subtypes of Kv channels to the current was investigated to determine whether the effect of calcium on low 4-AP concentration was related to the nature of the Kv isoform involved in the response. A Western-Bolt study identified the expression of Kv2.1 in mesenteric artery form Wistar rat. This was confirmed by using stromatoxin, a reported specific inhibitor of Kv2.x channels. Stromatoxin inhibited more than 45% of the inactivating component of the K current, but did not affect either the fraction of the current sensitive to low 4-AP, or the calcium modulation of the effect of 4-AP. In the presence of stromatoxin, the typical U shape of the steady state inactivation curve, which is a property of Kv2.1 channel current, disappeared, and the inactivation curve wwas shifted to voltages. Psora-4, a new inhibitor of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 was tested to study the involvement of these channels in the K current. Preliminary results indicated that psora-4 inhibited the inactivating component by 18% but strongly inhibited the non-inactivating component of the current. Psora-4 only partially inhibited the 0.5 mM 4-AP-sensitive K current.
Taken together, these results suggest that Kv1.5/Kv1.3 but not Kv2.1 contribute to the component of the K current sensitive to low concentration of 4-AP.
Functional role of the 4-AP stromatoxin-sensitive currents was tested by measuring the contractile activity evoked by increasing KCI concentrations from 6 to 15mM in the presence of the calcium channel agonist BayK8644 in isolated mesenteric artery mounted in a myograph. The results showed that in the presence of 4-AP 0.5 and 5 mM, contraction was increased for KCI. These data indicated that the K channels identified in the electrophysiology experiments play a role in the regulation of the membrane potential

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