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Rationality in its various expressions and innumerable applications sustains understanding and our sense of reality. It is traditionally differentiated according to its sources in the soul: in consciousness, in reason, in experience, and in elevation. Such a functional approach, however, leaves us searching for the common foundation harmonizing these rationalities. The perennial quest to resolve the aporias of rationality is finding in contemporary science’s focus on origins, on the generative roots of reality, tantalizing hints as to how this may be accomplished. This project is enhanced by the wave of recent phenomenology/ontopoiesis of life, which reveals the workings of the logos at the root of beingness and all rationality, whereby we gaze upon the prospect of a New Enlightenment. In the rays of this vision the revival of the intuitions of classical Islamic metaphysics, particularly intuition of the continuity of beingness in the gradations of life, receive fresh confirmation.

Rationalism. --- Reason. --- Reasoning. --- Philosophy & Religion --- Philosophy --- Islamic philosophy. --- Phenomenology. --- Philosophy. --- Ethics. --- Metaphysics. --- Religion --- Philosophy, Asian. --- Philosophy, general. --- Non-Western Philosophy. --- Philosophy of Religion. --- Philosophy, Modern --- Arabic philosophy --- Muslim philosophy --- Philosophy, Islamic --- Philosophy, Arab --- Philosophy (General). --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Values --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- God --- Ontology --- Philosophy of mind --- Asian philosophy --- Oriental philosophy --- Philosophy, Oriental --- Religion—Philosophy.

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Multidisciplinary collective works --- Philosophy --- Philosophical anthropology --- Comparative literature --- interdisciplinair onderzoek --- filosofie --- literatuur --- wijsgerige antropologie --- existentialisme --- persoonlijkheidsleer

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Philosophy --- Philosophy of nature --- Psychology --- Biology --- Psychiatry --- psychiatrie --- biologie --- filosofie --- existentialisme --- persoonlijkheidsleer

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Our world's cultural circles are permeated by the philosophical influences of phenomenology and existentialism and the illuminations of movements following on them. These two quests to elucidate rationality - ever renewed in the progress of thought - took their distinct inspirations from Kierkegaard's existentialism plumbing the subterranean source of subjective experience and Husserl's phenomenology focusing on the constitutive aspect of rationality. From a century's distance, however, we can see that those who continued Husserl's investigations and the existentialists could meet and mingle readily because they had this in common, the vindication of full reality. The two projects melded in the inquisitive minds (Scheler, Heidegger, Sartre, Stein, Merleau-Ponty, et al.) and numerous philosophical issues were expanded in various perspectives (the lived body, subjectivity, personhood, etc.) In a fruitful cross-pollination of insights, ideas, approaches, fused in one powerful wave and undermined the dominant reductionism, empiricism, naturalism then being disseminated throughout science and all domains of thought. Existentialist rejection of ratiocination and speculation together with Husserl's shift to seeking the genesis of meaning in experience closed a gap between philosophy and literature (Wahl, Marcel, Berdyaev, Wojtyla, Tischner, etc.), the foundational nature of language (Wittgenstein, Derrida, etc.) and opened the "hidden" behind the "veils" (see herein Sezgin and Dominguez-Rey). This wondrous renewing wind had not only transformed the culture of our day, but has also paved the way to the renewal of our humanity in a New Enlightenment, to which we will pass in our following third and final volume in which we appreciate the impact and promise of Phenomenology and Existentialism in the twentieth century.

Philosophy --- Philosophical anthropology --- History of philosophy --- Sociology of cultural policy --- cultureel erfgoed --- filosofie --- geschiedenis --- wijsgerige antropologie --- existentialisme --- fenomenologie --- persoonlijkheidsleer

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Philosophy --- Metaphysics --- Psychology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy of science --- History of philosophy --- filosofie --- geschiedenis --- epistomologie --- existentialisme --- metafysica